Abstract: The device comprises a support member (8) linearly displaceable with respect to a fixed or movable rail (1). The support member (8) comprises a milling tool (5), cutting depth reference guides (6) for the tool bearing on the top face of the rolling surface (2) of the rail along a plane tangent to the rail and lateral cutting depth reference guides of the tool bearing on the lateral face (2). The top and lateral guides are mounted for rotation about a common shaft and are disposed in front of the milling tool in the direction of displacement. The invention is used to reprofile the rails of a railroad track.