Abstract: Bike comprising a first frame element extending from one end carrying a front wheel housing to a lower end, a second frame element extending to a lower end rigidly fixed to the first lower end, a rear fork comprising a chainstay extending from the first element to a spindle support and a seat stay extending from the spindle support to the second element, a crankset having a lateral chainring, a rear wheel driven by a sprocket inside the fork, a belt engaged with the chainring and the sprocket. The chainstay has a major portion arranged below a straight line passing through the lower ends of the chainring and of the sprocket. The belt extends through the triangle formed by the second frame element, the chainstay and the seat stay, which form an irremovable assembly.

Abstract: Steering assembly for a two-wheeler comprising a frame, a handlebar and a fork holding a steering front wheel. The steering assembly comprises a head tube rigid with the frame and defining a swivel axis, a steering rod mounted swivelling through the head tube and connected on the one hand to the handlebar and on the other hand to the fork. A torque generation device comprises an elastically deformable component arranged in a space inside the steering assembly and surrounding the steering rod. The elastic component having a first portion that cooperates with the tube and a second portion that cooperates with the rod, so as to create restoring torque when the steering rod swivels through at least a given angle with respect to a neutral angular position corresponding to travel in a straight line.

Abstract: Bike comprising a first frame element extending from one end carrying a front wheel housing to a lower end, a second frame element extending to a lower end rigidly fixed to the first lower end, a rear fork comprising a chainstay extending from the first element to a spindle support and a seat stay extending from the spindle support to the second element, a crankset having a lateral chainring, a rear wheel driven by a sprocket inside the fork, a belt engaged with the chainring and the sprocket. The chainstay has a major portion arranged below a straight line passing through the lower ends of the chainring and of the sprocket. The belt extends through the triangle formed by the second frame element, the chainstay and the seat stay, which form an irremovable assembly.

Abstract: Electric two-wheeler comprising a first frame element extending from an upper end carrying a steering tube for a front wheel to a lower end, a second frame element extending from an upper end receiving a seat to a lower end rigidly fixed to the first frame element, a battery casing arranged in a battery housing space in rolling configuration, and an electric drive motor. The battery housing space is delimited at least in the vertical plane by a lower portion of the first frame element, a lower portion of the second frame element, and a footboard unit. The lower portions have bottom ends connected together and top ends between which the footboard unit extends in rolling configuration.

Abstract: A control system for a multiphase permanent magnet motor having a controller for producing a control signal to energize each phase winding. The controller includes a current value calculator for determining a value of phase current advanced in phase with respect to back-EMF by a phase advance angle, and a phase advance optimization circuit for producing a value of the phase advance angle optimized so as to maximize output torque of the motor and mimimize the phase current. The phase advance optimization circuit determines the phase advance angle optimized for each phase of the motor.

Abstract: A method for assembling machines using multiple, structurally equivalent components. The characteristics of each component are tested. The tested components are sorted into component classes using the test information. Individual components are selected from the classes and combined in a manner that, when combined, will provide desired price/performance characteristics in the machine. Machines with improved price/performance characteristics may be assembled without requiring change to the quality of the components, or the manner in which the components are manufactured.

Abstract: An electrically powered vehicle has a motor, controller and power supply contained within a wheel compartment. A cylindrical stator frame is fixed on the wheel axle, with an inner surface of the stator frame defining a space for housing the power supply and controller circuitry. A plurality of electromagnet stator segments are mounted on an outer surface of the stator frame. A cylindrical rotor frame is coupled to the axle through bearings. An inner surface of the rotor frame supports a plurality of permanent magnets that surround the stator segments to form a radial air gap therebetween. Mounted to the outer surface of the rotor frame by appropriate supporting structure is a vehicle tire.