Abstract: A second-order nonlinear optical material comprises a glass body poled from a first direction and a second direction, which differ from each other, so that the glass body exhibits little birefringence relative to a beam being propagated in a third direction substantially vertical to said first direction and said second direction, respectively, wherein said glass body comprises a major proportion of SiO2 and a minor proportion of germanium. A method for making the material, and optical modulator devices comprising the material are also described.