Abstract: A process for producing graphite includes heat treating, in an inert gas or in vacuo, at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyphenyleneoxadiazole, polybenzothiazoles, a polybenzobisthiazole, a polybenzoxazole, a polybenzobisoxazole and a polythiazole, at a temperature of at least 1600.degree. C., preferably at least 2000.degree. C., for at least 30 minutes, preferably at least 60 minutes, to convert the polymer to a highly-graphitized graphite. The process produces almost perfect graphite in any shape, such as film-shaped for large-area graphite, fibrous or powdered.