Abstract: A head positioning apparatus capable of positioning a head at high speed and with high accuracy is provided. The head positioning apparatus includes a magnetic head, a head supporting mechanism, a coarse actuator, a fine actuator, a head position detection part, a fine movement control system for controlling the fine actuator based on the head position detected by the head position detection part, a head moving distance estimation part estimating the head moving distance representing the distance the magnetic head moves, and the coarse movement control system for controlling the coarse actuator based on the head moving distance estimated by the head moving distance estimation part.

Abstract: A neurofilter is implemented as a neural network in which the weighting coefficients have previously been set, by an appropriate training procedure, such as to provide a desired form of filter response. The neurofilter is applicable to filtering of image data or serial data signals. Also, by training a neurofilter to produce output data based on amounts of error that occur in the output data from a conventional filter, a filter apparatus can be provided whereby the neurofilter compensates for errors in output data from the conventional filter. The design and manufacturing constraints on the conventional filter can thereby be substantially relaxed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic electroluminescent component in which use is made of the particular aromatic methylidene compound represented by the general formula (1). The component of the invention has the ability of high brightness luminescence with stability in low voltage application.