Abstract: The present invention discloses a fluorescent-substance light emitting element comprising a cold cathode type emitter section for emitting electrons, a fluorescent-substance layer configured to emit light by collision with electrons emitted from the emitter section, and an anode section disposed to be opposed to the emitter section and having an anode electrode and the fluorescent-substance layer provided inside of the anode electrode, wherein a porous-substance layer, comprising an electrically insulative porous substance which is a solid substance having a solid skeletal part formed into a three-dimensional network shape and a hole extending continuously in the form of a mesh of the solid skeletal part, is sandwiched between the emitter section and the anode section.

Abstract: The motor includes the following elements: a stator-core having plural teeth, and a yoke that links the teeth, coils wound on the teeth in a concentrated winding form, and a rotor with interior permanent magnets. The rotor with interior permanent magnets includes the following elements: a rotor core having plural slits of which ends extend closely to the rotor circumference, permanent magnets positioned in the slits, non-magnetic-sections provided between the circumference of the rotor-core and respective ends of permanent magnets. This construction allows the motor to withstand persistently demagnetization, to be a smaller size with high efficiency, and to be manufactured in a highly efficient manner. The motor can be integrated as a driver into an apparatus driving unit.

Abstract: A data transfer apparatus for providing efficient data transfer between one memory device and multiple devices by providing high speed switching of the multiple devices according to a count of the number of the data transfers performed between the one memory device and any of the multiple devices. The data transfer apparatus comprises a transferring unit for controlling a data transfer between the memory and a device; a counting unit for counting one each time data is transferred; and a selecting unit for selecting a device in accordance with a count value by decoding the count value output from the counting unit. The transferring unit controls the data transfer between the memory and the device selected by the selecting unit. The above data transfer apparatus may include the counting unit consisting of n-bits of a binary counter, 2.sup.n devices, and the selecting unit consisting of a decoder that inputs n-bits and outputs 2.sup.n -bits of data.

Abstract: The translator of the present invention includes the following units. A unit for analyzing semantic structure of a received source language sentence through a morphological and syntactic analyses, a unit for transforming the semantic structure of the source language sentence into that of the target language by determining target language words equivalent to individual words composing the source language sentence while, in case of need, supplementing a word to conform to the grammar of the target language, and a unit for generating a target language sentence by rearranging the determined words in conformance with the semantic structure of the target language. The translator further includes a unit for holding various display modes applied to a word supplemented in order to display it distinguishable from the other words composing the target language sentence.