Abstract: The rate of decrease of an oxidation suppressing element in a solder bath is measured during a soldering operation. Soldering is then carried out while replenishing the solder bath is then replenished during soldering so as to maintain the surface level of molten solder in the bath with a replenishment solder alloy which supplies the oxidation suppressing element to the solder bath at at least the rate at which the oxidation suppressing element is consumed during soldering. When the oxidation suppressing element is P, the concentration of P in the replenishment solder alloy is preferably 60-100 ppm.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an opening/closing hinge device which can be produced simple in construction and inexpensive in production by reducing the number of the parts forming part of the mobile device and to provide a mobile device small in size, reduced in cost and sufficiently reliable in the hinged members. The second member is rotated with respect to the first member toward the opening operation direction through the movable cam (150) by the urging force of the urging means (170) when the operation cam (130) is displaced in the predetermined operation direction by the external operation force. The fixed guide member (110) has inclined guide portions (115) each inclined at an advance angle in a predetermined inclination direction with respect to the surface perpendicular to the guide center axis to have the second rotation cam (140) rotated around the guide center axis in response to the displacement of the second rotation cam (140) along the guide center axis.

Abstract: According to the configuration and the manufacturing method of forming a moisture proof agent on both surfaces of a circuit substrate after soldering a capacitor connection pin in a vertical direction to the circuit substrate, and electrically connecting the capacitor so as to be in a perpendicular direction to the length direction of the capacitor connection pin at the upper space of the circuit substrate, the possibility of the moisture proof agent attaching to the capacitor is eliminated, the productivity enhances since the moisture proof agent can be easily formed on both surfaces of the circuit substrate, and a capacitor unit of miniaturized and low height configuration is realized since the capacitor is mounted in the horizontal direction in the upper space with respect to the circuit substrate.

Abstract: The communication system supports reservation of network resources. The base stations relay packets among the terminals, and perform priority control based on the priority set to the packets. In the terminal, the communication-managing table stores communication information of own terminal and a partner thereof. The packet-transmitting unit, setting priority to the packets, transmits the packets. When link condition of own terminal change, the link-managing unit updates, in order to prevent from quality deterioration of the other terminals, the priority of each of the packets whose source terminal is the own terminal.

Abstract: An HDD unit (12) holds a print object. A controller (11) issues to a printer unit (13) a print command of acquiring and printing the print object stored in the HDD unit (12), and has the printer unit (13) receive data in which link path information to a file to be printed is described via a connection established between the HDD unit (12) and the printer unit (13). The printer unit (13) captures and prints the print object stored in the HDD unit (12) by requesting the HDD unit (12) to send the print object which is uniquely specified with the link path information, using attribute information which is obtained by inquiring the connection status.

Abstract: A device and method of reading a ferroelectric memory, including providing a ferroelectric memory including a ferroelectric memory cell, a charge integrator, and a bit line connecting the ferroelectric memory cell and the charge integrator. Pulses are applied to the ferroelectric memory cell, where each of the pulses are of a value lower than that which will destroy data stored in the memory cell. Output voltage values from the ferroelectric memory cell are accumulated by the charge integrator in response to each pulse. The output of the charge integrator may be read to determine whether the datum value stored in the memory cell is a logic high or low value. In one embodiment, the output of the charge integrator is read at a predetermined time after starting the pulses.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a first electrode; a piezoelectric layered film composed of a first piezoelectric film formed on the first electrode film and a second piezoelectric film that is formed on the first piezoelectric film and is controlled in crystal orientation thereof by the first piezoelectric film; and a second electrode film formed on the second piezoelectric film. Each of the first and second piezoelectric films is an aggregate of columnar grains grown unidirectionally along a thickness direction of the piezoelectric layered film. A columnar grain of the second piezoelectric film has a larger cross-sectional diameter than a columnar grain of the first piezoelectric film. A ratio l/d of the thickness l of the piezoelectric layered film to the cross-sectional diameter d of the second piezoelectric film is not less than 20 and not more than 60.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing multi-layer circuit board comprising: a hole forming step for forming through-holes or blind-holes in a plate-form or sheet-form board material, and a filling step for filling a paste into through-holes or blind-holes formed in the hole forming step by using a filling means. A second paste is supplied to the paste in the filling process by using a paste supplying means to stabilized a viscosity of the paste and the paste is reliably filled into the through-holes or the blind-holes.

Abstract: In a semiconductor integrated circuit, there is provided a method for correcting crosstalk, which exerts an influence via coupling capacitance between wiring by the signal transitions between adjacent wiring, comprising the step of creating a candidate for buffer division, the step of creating a candidate for cell movement, or the step of victim net logic synthesis. Thereby, the crosstalk is corrected through the buffer division, the cell movement, or an increase of elements in number by logic decomposition, logic inversion and a change of fan-outs in number.

Abstract: A conductive separator plate for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is disclosed which includes a cell stack and a plurality of conductive separator plates, the conductive separator plates being formed of a carbon powder and a binder, the conductive separator plates having a main portion which is raised from a peripheral portion surrounding the main portion, the main portion being in contact with an anode or cathode of the fuel cell and being provided with a gas flow path for supplying a fuel gas to the anode or a gas flow path for supplying an oxidant gas to the cathode.

Abstract: An expression converting method wherein for each sentence in a corpus, key words are selected from the sentence, a combination of key words that are in a co-occurrence relation is identified from among a predetermined number of combinations of key words among the selected key words, and the identified key word combination and an expression into which the sentence from which the key words are selected is converted are previously associated, and wherein predetermined key words are selected from an input sentence, the selected key words are combined, the key word combinations and the previously identified key word combination of each sentence are compared, one or more than one sentences that coincide or have a high degree of similarity as a result of the comparison are selected, and expressions into which the selected sentences are converted are output.

Abstract: There is provided a recording medium reproducing apparatus in which a digital signal immediately before being inputted to a D/A converting LSI is prevented from being taken out and unfairly copied. A digital signal processing LSI and the D/A converting LSI are connected to each other through an external bus. A scrambling processing circuit for scrambling a digital signal outputted from a digital signal processing circuit is provided inside the digital signal processing LSI. A descrambling processing circuit for descrambling the scrambled digital signal transmitted through the external bus is provided inside the D/A converting LSI.

Abstract: A decoding circuit, for receiving a bit stream including an encoded audio signal and header information used for-decoding the encoded audio signal, and decoding the encoded audio signal based on the header information, includes a header analysis section for outputting at least one decoding parameter obtained from the header information and decoding parameter change information indicating whether or not the at least one decoding parameter has been changed; a signal processing section for decoding the encoded audio signal, based on the at least one decoding parameter, into a decoded signal and outputting the decoded signal; an automatic mute processing section for executing automatic mute on the decoded signal after the at least one decoding parameter is changed; and an output section for outputting the decoded signal output from the automatic mute processing section.

Abstract: A disk cartridge of the present invention comprises a case body (101) having a disk-storage portion and an opening/closing cover (201) having a pair of disk holding members (202) that hold a disk (10) in its inplane direction. The accommodated disk (10) is loaded together with the opening/closing cover (201) into an adapter having compatibility with a large disk cartridge. Thus, information can be, for example, reproduced from the disk (10) in a drive unit designed for a large disk cartridge via the adapter. Moreover, a series of operations can be conducted without touching the disk directly.

Abstract: This is an active matrix liquid crystal display device comprising a capacitive accumulation portion formed by overlapping a pixel electrode, an insulating layer and a common electrode for each pixel area, and a non-electrode area in a part of the pixel area which is not covered with a pixel electrode, wherein a peripheral shape of said capacitive accumulation portion on a side contacting said non-electrode area is substantially the same between the respective pixels, and a value of a storage capacity in said capacitive accumulation portion differs on a feeding side and on a termination side, the value on the feeding side being larger than the value on the termination side. Thereby, a constant aperture ratio can be maintained by changing the storage capacity value for each pixel.

Abstract: A hierarchical coding apparatus comprising first and second compressive coding units for subjecting high- and low-resolution digital image signals to hierarchical coding to generate high- and low-resolution coded data, and a resolution conversion circuit for subjecting a portion of low-resolution decoded image signal obtained by decoding the low-resolution coded data to resolution conversion, wherein only the resolution converted image signal is used as a reference signal for a low resolution side in coding the high-resolution digital image signal, thereby making the reduction of compression efficiency of image data, which is transmitted or stored, less, and simplifying the configuration of the hierarchical coding apparatus.

Abstract: An information recording medium of the present invention includes: a volume space in which user data is recorded; a spare area including a replacement area which may be used in place of a defective area included in the volume space; and a defect management information area in which defect management information for managing the defective area is recorded. The defect management information includes status information indicating whether the defective area is replaced by the replacement area.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp includes an end cap 4 and a fluorescent tube 1 that has electrode seals 22 and 23 at its ends. The end cap 4 is made of synthetic resin and is attached to the fluorescent tube 1 by silicon resin 31. The end cap 4 includes round cavities 26 and 27 for holding the electrode seals 22 and 23 and thermal protection element holders 20 and 21 for holding thermal protection elements 16 and 17 adjacent to the electrode seals 22 and 23. Pillars 28 are provided between the thermal protection element holders 20 and 21 and the round cavities 26 and 27 to support the thermal protection elements 16 and 17. Through holes 29 are provided between the round cavities 26 and 27 and pillars 28.

Abstract: The methods of forming a chemically adsorbed film by contacting a substrate with a solution mixture containing an alkoxysilane surface active agent, a non-aqueous solvent and a silanol-condensing catalyst to form a film covalently bonded to the substrate via siloxane bonds. These methods do not generate hydrochloric acid gas in forming the films and allow practical reaction rates.

Abstract: An optical disk includes: a data region; and a management region. The data region stores: at least one video object containing video information and audio information; and at least one audio object containing audio information. The management region stores first path information and second path information, the first path information indicating a first reproduction path including only the at least one video object, and the second path information indicating a second reproduction path including a combination of the at least one video object and the at least one audio object.