Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for producing highly ordered nanopillar or nanohole structures, in particular on large areas, which can be used as masters in NIL, hot embossing or injection molding processes. The process involves decorating a surface with an ordered array of metal nanoparticles produced by means of a micellar block- copolymer nano-lithography process; etching the primary substrate to a depth of 50 to 500 nm, where the nanoparticles act as a mask and an ordered array of nanopillars or nanocones corresponding to the positions of the nanoparticles is thus produced; using the nanostructured master or stamp in a structuring processes. Also the finished nanostructured substrate surface can be used as a sacrificial master which is coated with a continuous metal layer and the master is then etched away to leave a metal stamp having an ordered array of nanoholes which is a negative of the original array of nanopillars or nanocones.

Abstract: The invention relates to mutant channelrhodopsins having improved properties, nucleic acid constructs encoding same, expression vectors carrying the nucleic acid construct, cells comprising said nucleic acid construct or expression vector, and their respective uses.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and reagents for determining efficacy of vaccine, particularly of a tuberculosis vaccine.

Abstract: To the end of three-dimensionally localizing light emitting marker entities of unknown orientation and unknown position in a sample, the light emitted by each single marker entity is imaged in at least two different ways onto at least one detection plane which corresponds to a focal plane (13) in the sample resulting in at least two images of the marker entity. Virtual x- and y-positions of the marker entity in parallel to the focal plane (13) are separately determined from the emitted light intensity distribution over each image of the marker entity. Further, the z-position of the marker entity normal to the focal plane is determined from the emitted light intensity distributions over the images of the marker entity. The real x- and y-positions of the marker entity in parallel to the focal plane (13) are determined based on its virtual x- and y-positions and on its z-position.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymer lattices comprising polymer nanoparticles by a photo-initiated heterophase polymerization includes preparing a heterophase medium comprising a dispersed phase and a continuous phase and at least one of at least one surfactant, at least one photoinitiator, and at least one polymerizable monomer. The at least one polymerizable monomer is polymerized by irradiating the heterophase medium with electromagnetic radiation so as to induce a generation of radicals. The at least one photoinitiator is selected from compounds comprising at least one phosphorous oxide group (P?O) or at least one phosphorous sulfide (P?S) group. The irradiating of the heterophase medium is effected so that a ratio of an irradiated surface of the heterophase medium to a volume of the heterophase medium is at least 200 m?1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of modified polymers by a photo-initiated polymerization includes preparing a polymerization medium comprising at least one photoinitiator comprising at least one phosphorous oxide (P?O) group or at least one phosphorous sulfide (P?S) group, and at least one polymerizable monomer. The at least one polymerizable monomer is polymerized by irradiating the polymerization medium with electromagnetic radiation so as to induce a generation of radicals so as to obtain a polymer. The polymer is modified by irradiating the polymer with electromagnetic radiation so as to induce a generation of radicals from the polymer in a presence of at least one modifying agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel recombinant vaccines providing protective immunity against tuberculosis. Further, the present invention refers to novel recombinant nucleic acid molecules, vectors containing said nucleic acid molecules, cells transformed with said nucleic acid molecules and polypeptides encoded by said nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: In Caenorhabditis elegans, lin-4 and let-7 enclode 22- and 21-nucleotide RNAs, respectively, that function as key regulators of developmental timing. Because the appearance of these short RNAs is regulated during development, they are also referred to as “small temporal RNAs” (stRNAs). We show that many more 21- and 22-nt expressed RNAs, termed microRNAs, (miRNAs), exist in invertebrates and vertebrates, and that some of these novel RNAs, similar to let-7 stRAN, are also highly conserved. This suggests that sequence-specific post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms mediated by small RNAs are more general than previously appreciated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for manufacturing a nitrogen-containing porous carbonaceous material with an optional inorganic salt content of up to 50 ppm by weight. The process comprises the following steps: (A) conversion of (a) at least one heterocyclic hydrocarbon with at least two NH2-groups per molecular with (b) at least one aromatic compound with at least two aldehyde groups per molecular, (B) heating in the absence of oxygen to temperature in the range of from 700 to 1200° C.

Abstract: The efficient synthesis of phosphatidylinositol mono- to hexa-mannoside (PIM1 to PIM6) is reported. The invention relates to these phosphatidylinositol mono- to hexa-mannosides carrying a linker and a reactive functional group, e.g. the sulfhydryl group, a protein, a fluorescent probe, or a solid phase. The invention further relates to vaccines comprising the PIMs linked to a carrier protein or an antigen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing column-shaped or conical nanostructures, wherein the substrate surface is covered with an arrangement of metal nanoparticles and etched, the nanoparticles acting as an etching mask and the etching parameters being set such that column structures or cone structures are created below the nanoparticles and the nanoparticles are preserved as a structural coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation, in particular selective hydrogenation of at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon compound comprising reacting the at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon compound with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the hydrogenation catalyst comprises a mixture of an ordered intermetallic compound and an inert material. According to another aspect, the present invention is concerned with the use of a mixture of at least one ordered intermetallic compound and at least one inert material, as a catalyst. The mixtures for use as a catalyst in the present invention can be prepared easily and achieve a superior activity in relation to the prior art, while preserving the high selectivity to the target compounds, e.g. in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene.

Abstract: A method of generating intra-resonator laser light (1) comprises the steps of coupling input laser light (2), e.g.

Abstract: A method of producing an alkaline single ion conductor with high conductivity includes: a) providing a hydrocarbon oligomer or polymer having immobilized acidic substituent groups selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid group, sulfamide group, a phosphonic acid group, or a carboxy group, in its alkaline ion form wherein at least a part of the acidic protons of the substituent groups have been exchanged against alkali cations, and b) solvating the hydro-carbon oligomer or polymer of step a) in an aprotic polar solvent for a sufficient time to effect a solvent uptake of at least 5% by weight and to obtain a solvated product, wherein the molar ratio of solvent/alkaline cation is 1:1 to 10,000:1, and which solvated product has a conductivity of at least 10?5 S/cm at room temperature (24° C.).

Abstract: Nano- or microsized containers include either a water immiscible or sparingly miscible core dispersible in aqueous dispersion medium or a water miscible core dispersible in non-aqueous dispersion medium and a core-soluble active agent selected from the group consisting of corrosion inhibitors, catalysts, accelerators of catalysts, adhesives, sealants, polymerizable compounds (monomers), surfactants, lubricants, antifouling agents, water repelling materials and their mixtures, and a stimulus-sensitive polymer/polyelectrolyte shell that encapsulates the core-soluble active agent and releases the encapsulated agent in response to an external stimulus selected from the group consisting of humidity, ionic strength, pH, temperature, mechanical stress, constant and alternating magnetic or electromagnetic fields, corrosion products, electric current, and electrochemical potential.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula The compound of formula (1) is suitable for use as semiconducting material, in particular in electronic devices.

Abstract: Use of rylene derivatives I with the following definition of the variables: X together both —COOM; Y a radical -L-NR1R2??(y1) -L-Z—R3??(y2) the other radical hydrogen; together both hydrogen; R is optionally substituted (het)aryloxy, (het)arylthio; P is —NR1R2; B is alkylene; optionally substituted phenylene; combinations thereof; A is —COOM; —SO3M; —PO3M2; D is optionally substituted phenylene, naphthylene, pyridylene; M is hydrogen; alkali metal cation; [NR5]4+; L is a chemical bond; optionally indirectly bonded, optionally substituted (het)arylene radical; R1, R2 are optionally substituted (cyclo)alkyl, (het)aryl; together optionally substituted ring comprising the nitrogen atom; Z is —O—; —S—; R3 is optionally substituted alkyl, (het)aryl; R? is hydrogen; optionally substituted (cyclo)alkyl, (het)aryl; R5 is hydrogen; optionally substituted alkyl (het)aryl; m is 0, 1, 2; n, p m=0: 0, 2, 4 where: n+p=2, 4, if appropriate 0; m=1: 0, 2, 4 where: n+p=0, 2, 4; m=2: 0, 4, 6 where:

Abstract: Copolymer-modified nanoparticles produced by a process in which nanoparticles are ablated by laser radiation from a surface of a substrate in a liquid include an amphiphilic copolymer.

Abstract: Phospholipid-analogous compounds of the general formula (I) in which a is b is where R1 and R2 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, a saturated or unsaturated acyl or alkyl radical which can optionally be branched or/and substituted, where the total of the carbon atoms in the acyl and alkyl is 16 to 44 C atoms, s is an integer from 0 to 8, c is a radical of a primary or secondary alcohol of the formula RO—, where R is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical, mainly with cis double bond, of froth 12 to 30 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 2 to 8, R3 a can be 1,2-dihydroxypropyl or b can be alkyl with 1 to 3 C atoms when z is >0 or c can be alkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms when n?2 and z=0, m is 1 or 2, x is an integer from 0 to 8, y is 1 for z=1 to 5 or is 1 to 4 for z=1 z is an integer from 0 to 5, are novel and are suitable as liposome constituents, solubilizers and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation, in particular the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds using a hydrogenation catalyst comprising an ordered intermetallic compound. The ordered intermetallic compound comprises at least one metal of type A capable of activating hydrogen, and at least one metal of type B not capable of activating hydrogen, and the structure of the ordered intermetallic compound is such that at least one king of type A metals is mainly surrounded by atoms of the metal of type B. According to another aspect, the present invention is concerned with a catalyst comprising a support and the above ordered intermetallic compound supported on the support. According to still another aspect, the invention pertains to the use of a binary Pd—Ga ordered intermetallic compound as a catalyst. The hydrogenation process and catalysts of the present invention achieve a selectivity to the target compounds, e.g.