Abstract: The present invention describes a method for identification of areas of a sample from which nucleic acid molecules originate using labeling of said nucleic acid molecules by two-dimensionally distributed oligonucleotide markers. Further analysis of hybrids between the nucleic acid molecules and the oligonucleotide markers allow identification of the original position of the labelled nucleic acid molecules in the sample.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for the evaluation and/or quantification of the binding affinity of small molecules or other compounds to target components contained within an analyte, such as target proteins contained within the proteome of a cell or tissue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel peptides capable of binding to action. The peptides are useful in methods for detecting actin in vitro or in living cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Drosophila in vitro system which was used to demonstrate that dsRNA is processed to RNA segments 21-23 nucleotides (nt) in length. Furthermore, when these 21-23 nt fragments are purified and added back to Drosophila extracts, they mediate RNA interference in the absence of long dsRNA. Thus, these 21-23 nt fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNA degradation. A molecular signal, which may be their specific length, must be present in these 21-23 nt fragments to recruit cellular factors involved in RNAi. This present invention encompasses these 21-23 nt fragments and their use for specifically inactivating gene function. The use of these fragments (or chemically synthesized oligonucleotides of the same or similar nature) enables the targeting of specific mRNAs for degradation in mammalian cells, where the use of long dsRNAs to elicit RNAi is usually not practical, presumably because of the deleterious effects of the interferon response.

Abstract: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing in many organisms by a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). Using a Drosophila in vitro system, we demonstrate that 19-23 nt short RNA fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNAi. The short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are generated by an RNase III-like processing reaction from long dsRNA. Chemically synthesized siRNA duplexes with overhanging 3? ends mediate efficient target RNA cleavage in the lysate, and the cleavage site is located near the center of the region spanned by the guiding siRNA. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the direction of dsRNA processing determines whether sense or antisense target RNA can be cleaved by the produced siRNP complex.

Abstract: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing in many organisms by a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). Using a Drosophila in vitro system, we demonstrate that 19-23 nt short RNA fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNAi. The short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are generated by an RNase III-like processing reaction from long dsRNA. Chemically synthesized siRNA duplexes with overhanging 3? ends mediate efficient target RNA cleavage in the lysate, and the cleavage site is located near the center of the region spanned by the guiding siRNA. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the direction of dsRNA processing determines whether sense or antisense target RNA can be cleaved by the produced siRNP complex.

Abstract: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing in many organisms by a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). Using a Drosophila in vitro system, we demonstrate that 19-23 nt short RNA fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNAi. The short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are generated by an RNase III-like processing reaction from long dsRNA. Chemically synthesized siRNA duplexes with overhanging 3? ends mediate efficient target RNA cleavage in the lysate, and the cleavage site is located near the center of the region spanned by the guiding siRNA. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the direction of dsRNA processing determines whether sense or antisense target RNA can be cleaved by the produced siRNP complex.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing an expression vector encoding a tailored recombinase, wherein said tailored recombinase recombines asymmetric target sites within the LTR of proviral DNA of a retrovirus inserted into the genome of a host cell and is useful as means for excising the provirus from the genome of the host cell. The present invention further relates to an in vitro-method of optimising the treatment of a retroviral infection of a subject and to the use of tailored recombinases for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for reducing the viral load in a subjected infected by a retrovirus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a one-pot synthesis for an SiBNC preceramic polymer.

Abstract: The method comprises fabricating a layer stack on a substrate, the layer stack comprising at least two electrically conducting layers and at least one electrically insulating layer arranged between the two electrically conducting layers, and displacing a first portion of the layer stack away from its original position, the first portion comprising an edge portion of the layer stack, and bending the first portion back towards a second portion of the layer stack. The bending may comprise a rolling-up of the first portion of the layer stack.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel immunogens carrying conformationally discriminating epitopes (CDEs) and to immunization methods for producing antibodies that specifically recognize proteins with very closely related homologues. In particular, the invention relates to antibodies which are specific for either Fc?RIIb or Fc?RIIa.

Abstract: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing in many organisms by a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). Using a Drosophila in vitro system, we demonstrate that 19-23 nt short RNA fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNAi. The short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are generated by an RNase III-like processing reaction from long dsRNA. Chemically synthesized siRNA duplexes with overhanging 3? ends mediate efficient target RNA cleavage in the lysate, and the cleavage site is located near the center of the region spanned by the guiding siRNA. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the direction of dsRNA processing determines whether sense or antisense target RNA can be cleaved by the produced siRNP complex.

Abstract: A copolymer containing, in addition to recurring elements of a sulfonated poly(arylene) containing exclusively recurring structural element(s) of the general formulas —[—Ar1(SO3M)n-X—]— and —[—Ar2(SO3M)n-Y—]—, wherein X and Y, which are identical or different from each other, each represent an electron-acceptor group, Ar1 and Ar2, which are either identical or different from each other, represent an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5-18 ring atoms; wherein the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, in addition to the SO3M and the substituents X and Y, optionally comprises additional substituents which are not electron-donor groups; M represents monovalent cation and n is an integral number between 1 and 4; and wherein X, Y, Ar1, Ar2, M and n can be identical or different in various structural elements, independently of each other, one or several additional elements of at least one additional monomer or macromonomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of selecting (a) cell(s), (a) tissue(s) or (a) cell culture(s) with susceptibility to a selective CDK9 inhibitor. Also a method for determining the responsiveness of a mammalian tumor cell or cancer cell to treatment with a selective CDK9 inhibitor is described herein. In particular, the present invention provides for an in vitro method for the identification of a responder for or a patient sensitive to a selective CDK9 inhibitor, whereby the patient is suspected to suffer from NUT midline carcinoma (NMC). The present invention also relates to a method of monitoring or predicting the efficacy of a treatment of NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), wherein treatment with a selective CDK9 inhibitor is in particular envisaged. Also the use of a (transgenic) non-human animal or a (transgenic) cell having at least one rearrangement in the NUT gene for screening and/or validation of a medicament for the treatment NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is described.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for separating a racemic compound-forming chiral substance by a cyclic crystallization process which is conducted in at least one first crystallization unit (10) and in at least one second crystallization unit (18), wherein in a first process cycle an enantiomer is crystallized in the first crystallization unit (10) and a racemic compound is crystallized in the second crystallization unit (18), wherein in a second process cycle the enantiomer is crystallized in the second crystallization unit (18) and the racemic compound is crystallized in the first crystallization unit (10), wherein during each process cycle in at least one process sub-step (B?C, F?G) a mother liquor (12) being contained in the first crystallization unit (10) is mutually exchanged with a mother liquor (20) being contained in the second crystallization unit (18). An auto-seeding process sub-step is applied at the beginning of a process cycle.

Abstract: Boron-comprising perylene monoimides and a process for producing the boron-comprising perylene monoimides are provided. The boron-comprising perylene monoimides are useful as building blocks for producing perylene monoimide derivatives and monoimide derivatives. The boron-comprising perylene monoimides are also useful for preparing dye-sensitized solar cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the total chemical synthesis of the monosaccharide 35# (R??H), the disaccharide 36# (R??H; R??H), the trisaccharide 37# (R??H; R??H; R???H) and the tetrasaccharide 1# (R??H; R??H; R???H) of the following general formula wherein R represents —Y—NH2Y represents a linker R? is H or R? is H or R?? is H or of the lipopolysaccharide from Neisseria meningitidis, as well as to the trisaccharide 37# and the tetrasaccharide 1#, to vaccines containing at least one of the saccharides 1#, 35#, 36#, and 37# and to the use of such vaccine for immunization against diseases caused by infection with bacteria containing the tetrasaccharide ?-GlcNAc-(1?2)-?-Hep-(1?3)-?-Hep-(1?5)-?-Kdo or the trisaccharide ?-Hep-(1?3)-?-Hep-(1?5)-?-Kdo or ?-GlcNAc-(1?2)-?-Hep-(1?3)-?-Hep, especially for immunization against meningitis, septicaemia, pneumonia and nasopharyngitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis.

Abstract: According to the invention, a computer-implemented method for processing digital stereo image content, comprises the steps of estimating a perceived disparity of the stereo image content and processing the stereo image content, based on the estimated perceived disparity.

Abstract: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing in many organisms by a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). Using a Drosophila in vitro system, we demonstrate that 19-23 nt short RNA fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNAi. The short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are generated by an RNase III-like processing reaction from long dsRNA. Chemically synthesized siRNA duplexes with overhanging 3? ends mediate efficient target RNA cleavage in the lysate, and the cleavage site is located near the center of the region spanned by the guiding siRNA. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the direction of dsRNA processing determines whether sense or antisense target RNA can be cleaved by the produced siRNP complex.

Abstract: A method and device for efficiently simulating lens flares produced by an optical system is provided. The method comprises the steps of—Simulating paths of rays from a light source through the optical system, the rays representing light; and Estimating, for points in a sensor plane, an irradiance, based on intersections of the simulated paths with the sensor plane.