Abstract: Provided are vesicles derived from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and to uses thereof. It has been experimentally confirmed by the present inventors that the vesicles in the clinical samples of patients with gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and Parkinson's disease were significantly reduced in comparison with a normal person and that when vesicles isolated from the strain were administered, the secretion of inflammatory mediators caused by pathogenic vesicles, such as E. coli-derived vesicles, was significantly inhibited.

Abstract: Provided are a method of diagnosing autism by performing a bacterial metagenomic analysis using normal individual-derived and subject-derived samples to analyze an increase or decrease in the content of specific bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles. The method predicts the risk of autism onset in advance through the metagenomic analysis of bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles using human body-derived samples, and it is possible to delay the onset time or prevent the onset of autism through proper management following early diagnosis and prediction of an autism risk group, and even after the onset, it is possible to diagnose autism early, thereby lowering the incidence of autism and increasing therapeutic effects.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preventing, alleviating, or treating a viral infectious disease or a respiratory disease, comprising administering a composition containing vesicles derived from Lactobacillus paracasei as an active ingredient to a subject in need thereof, wherein the vesicles may be orally administered and delivered to the lung to suppress a respiratory disease, administered to a COVID-19 virus- or influenza virus-infected model to suppress the replication of the COVID-19 virus and clinical symptoms caused by the influenza virus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing, improving or treating a mental disorder, the composition containing a Lactobacillus sp. bacteria-derived vesicle as an active ingredient. The present inventors have confirmed that, when a Lactobacillus sp. bacteria-derived vesicle is administered to a stress and depression animal model, resistance to stress efficiently increases, and an effect of treating chronically persisting long-term depression behavior is exhibited, and thus the Lactobacillus sp. bacteria-derived vesicle, according to the present invention, is expected to be capable of being usefully employed in developing a medicine or a functional health food, etc., for preventing, reducing the symptoms of or treating a mental disorder such as stress, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, depression, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia.

Abstract: Provided are vesicles derived from Enhydrobacter bacteria and a use thereof, and the inventors experimentally confirmed that the vesicles were significantly reduced in clinical samples obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, variant angina, liver cirrhosis, and diabetes, compared with a normal individual, and that when vesicles isolated from the strain were administered, the secretion of inflammatory mediators caused by pathogenic vesicles, such as E. coli-derived vesicles, was significantly inhibited.

Abstract: The present invention relates to vesicles derived from bacteria belonging to the genus Sphingomonas and compositions as well as uses thereof. In some embodiments, the composition is a drug carrier which delivers a drug to the brain. In some embodiments, the invention provides a method of suppressing the secretion inflammatory mediators by pathogenic vesicles using said vesicles derived from bacteria belonging to the genus Sphingomonas or compositions thereof. In some embodiments, the invention provides methods of diagnosing hepatic cirrhosis, liver cancer, myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency, diabetes, brain tumors, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, depression, autism, and/or atopic dermatitis.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing prostatic diseases such as prostate cancer, prostatic hyperplasia, and the like through bacterial metagenomic analysis, and more particularly, to a method of diagnosing prostate cancer or prostatic hyperplasia by analyzing an increase or decrease in content of extracellular vesicles derived from specific bacteria through bacterial metagenomic analysis using a subject-derived sample. An extracellular vesicle secreted from a bacterium present in the environment can be absorbed into the body and directly affect the occurrence of inflammation and cancer, and prostatic diseases such as prostate cancer, prostatic hyperplasia, and the like is difficult to diagnose early on before any symptom appears, which makes efficient treatment difficult.

Abstract: Provided is a method of diagnosing a brain tumor by analyzing the increase or decrease in content of specific bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles by performing bacterial metagenomic analysis using a normal individual and a subject-derived sample, which makes it possible to diagnose and predict a risk group for a brain tumor early, to delay or prevent the onset of the disease through appropriate management, and even after the onset of a brain tumor, early diagnosis can be performed to reduce the incidence of the brain tumor, a therapeutic effect cannot be only increased, and the disease can be improved and recurrence thereof can be prevented by avoiding exposure to causative factors through metagenomic analysis in patients diagnosed with a brain tumor.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for preventing or treating a metabolic disease or muscle disease, which includes vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus. Confirmed, when vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus were administered into an animal model with a metabolic disease caused by a high fat, the vesicles effectively inhibit metabolic diseases caused by a high fat diet, and increase homeostasis to metabolic stress by activating AMPK signaling in myocytes, and therefore, the vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus according to the presently claimed subject matter can be effectively used in development of pharmaceuticals or health functional foods for preventing, improving symptoms or treating metabolic diseases such as obesity and muscle diseases.

Abstract: Provided is a method of diagnosing colitis through qPCR analysis and to a method of diagnosing colitis by measuring amounts of microorganisms in stool samples to be analyzed. The diagnosis method according to the presently claimed subject matter can predict and/or diagnose colitis at high accuracy and sensitivity by using stool, which can be easily acquired without pain from a subject to be diagnosed, and as such, can find a wide range of applications in the colitis diagnosis field and, as a result, is expected to enable early diagnosis of colitis, thereby remarkably increasing the effects of colitis treatment.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preventing, alleviating, or treating a viral infectious disease or a respiratory disease, comprising administering a composition containing vesicles derived from Lactobacillus paracasei as an active ingredient to a subject in need thereof, wherein the vesicles may be orally administered and delivered to the lung to suppress a respiratory disease, administered to a COVID-19 virus- or influenza virus-infected model to suppress the replication of the COVID-19 virus and clinical symptoms caused by the influenza virus.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention, alleviation, or treatment of inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer, comprising a Streptococcus pyogenes culture broth or a protein isolated from the culture broth as an active ingredient. The inventors of the presently claimed subject matter confirmed that, when administered to inflammatory disease, metabolic disease, and cancer models, a Streptococcus pyogenes culture broth or a protein isolated from the culture broth exhibited anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, liver function-improving, and anticancer effects, and thus the Streptococcus pyogenes culture broth or the protein isolated from the culture broth according to the presently claimed subject matter can be effectively used to develop a drug, a health functional food, an inhalant, a cosmetic composition, or the like for preventing inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer, or alleviating or treating symptoms thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a method for alleviating, preventing or treating a neurodevelopmental disease, neurologic disease, or psychiatric disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition including, as an active ingredient, vesicle derived from Micrococcus luteus, wherein the disease including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders, eating disorders, substance use disorder, and personality disorders occurring as a result of neurogenesis dysfunction or neuroinflammation.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preventing, alleviating or treating an ocular disease including administering a composition containing vesicles derived from Micrococcus luteus as an active ingredient wherein the vesicles are delivered to the central nervous system including the retina through the blood-brain barrier (BBB); when epithelial cells and macrophages were treated with the vesicles, not only is the secretion of an inflammatory mediator by a biological causative factor considerably inhibited, but also NLRP3 protein expression by a biological causative factor is inhibited; and when the vesicles are administered to a rabbit model with an ocular disease caused by oxidative stress, retinal degeneration is significantly inhibited, thus the vesicles derived from Micrococcus luteus can be used for a composition for preventing, alleviating or treating an age-related ocular disease and an inflammatory ocular disease, including a pharmaceutical or health functional food composition.

Abstract: The claimed subject matter relates to Lactobacillus paracasei-derived extracellular vesicles and a use thereof, and more particularly, to a composition for alleviating, preventing and treating an ocular disease, which includes Lactobacillus paracasei-derived extracellular vesicles as an active ingredient, capable of effectively inhibiting the occurrence of an ocular disease caused by oxidative stress-mediated cell senescence.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical and food composition for treating, preventing, or alleviating a metabolic disease, containing, as an active ingredient, extracellular vesicles derived from Akkermansia muciniphila. The composition of the present invention can be used as a pharmaceutical/food composition and the like for treating, preventing, or alleviating metabolic diseases, in particular metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension, occurring or exacerbated due to a high fat diet. In addition, in the present invention, a fermented food itself, prepared by adding Akkermansia muciniphila, can be used for the purpose of preventing or alleviating a metabolic disease occurring or exacerbated due to a high fat diet.

Abstract: Provided is a method of diagnosing diabetes, atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, liver cancer, cirrhosis, dementia, depression, Parkinson's disease, or atopic dermatitis, including (a) extracting DNAs from vesicles isolated from samples of a normal individual and a subject; (b) performing PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) on the extracted DNA using a pair of primers prepared based on a gene sequence present in 16S rDNA to obtain each PCR product; and (c) determining a case in which a content of vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Rothia is lower than that of the normal individual sample, as one or more diseases selected from the group consisting of diabetes, atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, liver cancer, cirrhosis, dementia, depression, Parkinson's disease, and atopic dermatitis, through quantitative analysis of the PCR product.

Abstract: Provided are vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Deinococcus and a use thereof. The vesicles significantly decreased in a clinical sample obtained from a patient with cancer, an inflammatory disease, and dementia, compared with a normal individual, and when the vesicles isolated from the strain were administered, the secretion of inflammation mediators caused by pathogenic vesicles such as E. coli-derived vesicles was considerably inhibited, and vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Deinococcus significantly inhibit cranial nerve cell damage caused by stress hormones, and therefore, the vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Deinococcus according to the presently claimed subject matter may be effectively used to develop a method of diagnosing cancer, an inflammatory disease, and/or dementia, and a composition for preventing, alleviating, or treating cancer, an inflammatory disease, and/or a cranial nerve disease.

Abstract: Provided is a method of diagnosing or treating a disease in a subject using the vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Rhodococcus. The vesicles are significantly decreased in a clinical sample obtained from a patient with lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bile duct cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, diabetes, stroke, myocardial infarction, asthma, COPD, and dementia, compared with a normal individual, and administration of the vesicles to the patient inhibits the secretion of inflammation mediators caused by pathogenic vesicles such as E.

Abstract: Provided are vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Weissella and a use thereof. The present inventors experimentally identified that vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Weissella effectively suppress the secretion of inflammatory mediators from pathogenic vesicles inducing inflammation. Thus, it is expected that the vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Weissella according to the presently claimed subject matter will be advantageously used for the purpose of developing a composition for preventing, alleviating, or treating inflammatory diseases.