Abstract: The present invention contemplates a refraction system facilitating for contact lens fitting via measuring the patient's refraction on the corneal plane and via introducing a conjugated plane of the corneal plane for insertion of a contact lens simulator or phase plate. The present invention also contemplates a refraction system to integrate the objective and subjective measurement into a single instrument. The present invention further contemplates a refraction system with open-field and binocular viewing to overcome instrument myopia and to measure accommodation. The present invention also further contemplates a refraction system employing a pair of optical trombones to eliminate the need of flipping plurality sets of trial lenses for defocus corrections. The present invention even further contemplates a multiple vergence acuity chart to facilitate patient's judgment of best corrected visual acuity.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates to employ an eye-tracking device in an ophthalmic adaptive-optics system such that slow wavefront sensor and aberration-compensating element can be sufficient for the application. The present invention further contemplates to implement with the eye-tracking device a motion-compensating mechanism into the system such that the pupil images on both the wavefront sensor and the aberration-compensating element remain stationary during the operation of the system.