Abstract: A protective device protects the user from infection and may simultaneously immunize the user against future infection. In an embodiment, the protective device includes a disinfection chamber wherein the chamber is arranged to disinfect and/or sterilize fluid in the chamber prior to discharge of the fluid from the chamber such that the fluid discharged from the chamber comprises inactive microorganisms. The device may include a disinfection chamber in fluid communication with a face mask, with the chamber arranged to disinfect and/or sterilize fluid in the chamber prior to discharge of the fluid from the chamber to the mask, such that the fluid discharged from the chamber to the mask comprises inactive microorganisms.