Abstract: Provided herein are methods for protecting cannabinoids, typically in medicinal compositions, from heat-, sunlight- or artificial-light-induced degradation, and oxidative degradation due to contact with ambient air/oxygen. Also provided are methods for extending the shelf life, stability, and long term viability and efficacy of cannabis- and cannabinoid-containing medicinal compositions. Said cannabinoids are protected by providing the one or more cannabinoids in a composition comprising at least one non-ionic surfactant and at least one polyol.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for use in the treatment of depression, anxiety or a depressive or anxiety-related disorder. Embodiments describe the administration of orotic acid or a salt thereof, or the administration of one or more probiotic microorganisms, or administration of a combination of orotic acid or a salt thereof and one or more probiotic microorganisms.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for modulating the intestinal microbial profile and for reducing intestinal dysbiosis in type 2 diabetic or pre-diabetic subjects, comprising administering metformin or a derivative or salt thereof and one or more probiotic microorganisms selected from Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Bifidobacterum breve, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus thermophilus and Saccharomyces boulardii. Also provided are methods for treating type 2 diabetes or an associated metabolic complication or condition and for delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in pre-diabetic subjects, comprising administering one or more probiotic microorganisms selected from Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Bifidobacterum breve, Bifidobacterium animalis sub sp. lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus thermophilus and Saccharomyces boulardii.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for diagnosing pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes based on faecal or colonic samples and determining levels of butyric acid and one or both or acetic acid and propionic acid in the samples, and thereby determining the molar ratio of acetic acid to butyric acid, propionic acid to butyric acid and/or acetic acid to propionic acid to butyric acid. Also provided are methods for increasing the intestinal, colonic or faecal molar ratio of acetic acid to butyric acid, the intestinal, colonic or faecal molar ratio of propionic acid to butyric acid and/or the intestinal, colonic or faecal molar ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid to butyric acid in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for protecting cannabinoids, typically in medicinal compositions, from heat-, sunlight- or artificial-light-induced degradation, and oxidative degradation due to contact with ambient air/oxygen. Also provided are methods for extending the shelf life, stability, and long term viability and efficacy of cannabis- and cannabinoid-containing medicinal compositions. Said cannabinoids are protected by providing the one or more cannabinoids in a composition comprising at least one non-ionic surfactant and at least one polyol.