Abstract: A transcutaneous medical electrode for use with devices for introduce electrical signals into areas of the body or for receiving electrical signals from body areas. The electrode includes a flexible electrically conductive sheet having an electrically conductive adhesive layer on one surface. A female connector having an opening for receiving a conventional lead wire tip is secured to the opposite surface of the sheet. A sheathed male connector includes a tip for insertion into the female connector opening without exposing the tip to touching by the operator of the device or the patient. The female connector is preferably tubular with an approximately axial opening. The female connector may be secured to the sheet, parallel to the sheet, with the male connector receiving end extending beyond and edge of the sheet.

Abstract: An interferential stimulation device for providing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to a living body. The device applies current at two difference frequencies, each across two contact points on the body, spaced about a selected crossing point. The different frequencies produce at the crossing point a low frequency beat by the heterodyne process for specific stimulation at the crossing point. Electronic circuitry is provided to generate the desired signals and apply them through body contacting pads. Several modes for changing the stimulation smoothly, with the interference beat frequency ramped over a selected range over a selected time period provides superior results and prevents accommodation to the device. Several different ramp beat frequency ranges are provided, including a long range ramp, a relatively low frequency ramp and a relatively high frequency ramp.

Abstract: An interferential stimulator for applying two medium frequency alternating currents of slightly differing frequencies to the body of a living being so that they cross and interact to produce a low frequency therapeutic current at a selected point. A fixed frequency is generated and applied to the skin through a first electrode pair. A second frequency, differing from the first by from about 1 to 150Hz is applied through a second electrode pair. The electrodes are arranged to deliver a localized stimulation. At the crossing point of the four electrodes a low frequency beat or pulse is produced by the heterodyne process for specific point stimulation. The stimulator may be operated in any of several modes. First, constant stimulation may be applied at fixed frequency difference between electrodes. Second, the frequency difference can be decreased abruptly and returned to the original frequency difference over about 1 second.