Abstract: A system and method for sending end-to-end encrypted messages comprising a sender's web browser, a recipient's web browser, and a server. The system and method avoid both the sender and the recipient having to download encryption programs themselves onto their respective computers. In addition, the system and method ensure that unencrypted messages are never disclosed to the server. The system and method operate by first downloading the web browser files, verifying them and then preventing the web browser page from refreshing, thereby preventing malicious code from entering the web browser each time the web browser page would normally be refreshed. The system and method also provide for securely implementing cryptography using client-side scripting in a web browser.

Abstract: A method of verifying the integrity of a downloadable file comprising the steps of requesting a download of a file via a download requesting device comprising an electronic device including a web browsing application through which the download is requested and a web-browser memory; downloading the file into the web-browser memory while preventing the file from being opened or executed by the download requesting device; within the web browsing application, analyzing the file to derive a cryptographic value of the file; within the web browsing application, comparing the derived cryptographic value of the file with a reference value associated with the file that is stored in a memory accessible by the web browsing application; and only when the derived cryptographic value of the file matches the reference value associated with the file, enabling the file to be opened, saved, or executed by the download requesting device.

Abstract: A system and method for migrating from the legacy SMTP protocol to an alternative email protocol, such as Bitmessage protocol, for sending email messages comprising a publicly accessible directory which associates the alternative email protocol addresses with an SMTP addresses of a particular recipient, and a server that accepts an outgoing message sent by SMTP protocol and routes the outgoing message via the alternative email protocol if recipient's SMTP address and a corresponding alternative email protocol address is found in the directory, and routes the message by SMTP protocol if no corresponding alternative email protocol address is found in the directory.

Abstract: A system and method for migrating from the legacy SMTP protocol to an alternative email protocol, such as Bitmessage protocol, for sending email messages comprising a publicly accessible directory which associates the alternative email protocol addresses with an SMTP addresses of a particular recipient, and a server that accepts an outgoing message sent by SMTP protocol and routes the outgoing message via the alternative email protocol if recipient's SMTP address and a corresponding alternative email protocol address is found in the directory, and routes the message by SMTP protocol if no corresponding alternative email protocol address is found in the directory.