Abstract: Electric arc, and ladle, furnaces 10 have components 14 with a high-emissivity/high reflectivity layer 18 disposed on the hot face 16. The component 14 includes a water-cooled panel 40, a duct 34, roof 12 frame 38, pipes, dry delta 36, water-cooled delta 28, fourth hole elbow 32, fourth hole roof 42, side walls 26 and combinations thereof. The high-emissivity/high-reflectivity layer 18 comprises, in dry admixture, from about 5% to about 40% of an inorganic adhesive, from about 45% to about 92% of a filler, and from about 1% to about 25% of one or more emissivity agents.

Abstract: A tubular cooling element includes a continuous coil having a plurality of straight pipe sections and “U” shaped 180° elbow sections that are an integral part of the tubular cooling element, the continuous coil including a pipe having a wall thickness of from 0.270 inches to 0.600 inches and an outer diameter of from 2.375 inches to 3.5 inches.

Abstract: A water cooled panel includes a continuous coil having a plurality of straight pipe sections and “U” shaped 180° elbow sections that are integral part of the pipe, the continuous coil included by a pipe having a wall thickness of from 0.270 inches to 0.600 inches and an outer diameter of from 2.375 inches to 3.

Abstract: A water cooled panel is comprised by a continuous coil having a plurality of straight pipe sections and “U” shaped 180° elbow sections that are integral part of the pipe.

Abstract: A bending method for producing a coil using a thick wall pipe, comprising a simultaneous hot bending and pressing of the pipe by which it is possible to obtain a coil without welded 180° elbows since the return sections are integral part of the pipe.

Abstract: A bending method for producing a coil using a thick wall pipe, comprising a simultaneous hot bending and pressing of the pipe by which it is possible to obtain a coil without welded 180° elbows since the return sections are integral part of the pipe.