Abstract: An iron base alloy is disclosed which consists essentially of 0.005%-7.0% of aluminum, 0.005-7.0% of silicon, 0.0001%-0.005% of magnesium, 0.0001-0.005% of calcium, 0.001%-0.002% of oxygen, 0.0001-0.002% of sulphur, and 0.0005%-0.003% of nitrogen, less than 2% of carbon, minor amounts of phosphorous and manganese and the remainder iron.

Abstract: Disclosed is a clean steel containing less than 30 ppm of oxygen, less than 30 ppm of sulfur, less than 150 ppm of nitrogen, 5 to 0.1 ppm of Mg and 25 to 0.1 ppm of Ca.

Abstract: A clean steel consisting essentially of by weight 0.0005%-0.5% of aluminum, 0.0001%-0.5% of silicon, 0.00001%-0.0005% of magnesium, 0.00001%-0.0025% of calcium, 0.00001%-0.003% of oxygen 0.00001%-0.003% of sulfur and 0.0001%-0.015% of nitrogen, less than 2% carbon and the remainder iron, wherein the clean steel is further selected from the group consisting ofcarbon steel consisting of less than 2% of carbon, and common elements of silicon, manganese, phosphorus or sulfur; andalloy steel consisting of general elements and special elements selected from the group consisting of 0.001%-50% of at least nickel, chromium, cobalt or tungsten.

Abstract: A method of producing an alloy containing at least one major ingredient selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) and having low contents of sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen, comprises steps of:(a) holding a molten alloy in a container selected from the group consisting of a lime crucible, a lime crucible furnace, a converter and a ladle lined with a basic refractory consisting of 15-85% of calcium oxide (CaO), and 15-75% of magnesium oxide (MgO), wherein said alloy consists essentially of at least one major ingredient selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co);(b) adding at least one additive, based on the molten alloy, into said molten alloy in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of a non-oxidizing atmosphere and a vacuum, wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), aluminum alloys, silicon and silicon alloys;(c) desulphurizing, deoxidizing and denitrifying said molten alloy under an atmosphere

Abstract: The disclosed method is a method of manufacturing clean steel comprising refining molten steel by adding additives of from not more than 0.5% to more than 0.001% by weight of molten steel to the molten steel bath, in vacuo or a non-oxidizing atmosphere within a melting furnace or vessel made of or lined with a basic refractory material consisting essentially of 7-90 wt % of CaO and 90-7 wt % of MgO, which total content being 70% to 99.9%, and optionally included a basic refractory material consisting of 30-0.1 wt % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, CrO, ZrO.sub.2.SiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, ZrC and C as selected components, and obtaining clean steel containing less than 30 ppm of oxygen, less than 30 ppm of sulfur, less than 150 ppm of nitrogen, 5 to 0.1 ppm of Mg and 25 to 0.1 ppm of Ca. Said additives comprises Al and at least one optional element selected from Ti, Nb, Ta, B and alkali earth metal. 5% of a solvent can be included to said additives.

Abstract: The disclosed flexible refining agent clad wire comprises a core wire made of refining agent for iron, steel or the like metal, which core wire is clad with a metallic sheath that is made of iron or aluminum, and grooves are formed at certain intervals on the outer surface of the clad wire in a direction lateral or spiral to the longitudinal direction of the refining agent clad wire in such a manner that when the refining agent clad wire is flexed, the grooves are expanded on tension side thereof and contracted on compression side thereof so as to make it flexible.

Abstract: A method of producing an alloy containing at least one major ingredient selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) and having low contents of sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen, comprises steps of:(a) holding a molten alloy in a container selected from the group consisting of a lime crucible, a lime crucible furnace, a converter and a ladle lined with a basic refractory consisting of 15-85% of calcium oxide (CaO), and 15-75% of magnesium oxide (MgO), wherein said alloy consists essentially of at least one major ingredient selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co);(b) adding at least one additive, based on the molten alloy, into said molten alloy in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of a non-oxidizing atmosphere and a vacuum, wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), aluminum alloys, silicon and silicon alloys;(c) desulphurizing, deoxidizing and denitrifying said molten alloy under an atmosphere

Abstract: A method of producing an alloy containing at least one major ingredient selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) and having low contents of sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen, comprises steps of:(a) holding a molten alloy in a container selected from the group consisting of a lime crucible, a lime crucible furnace, a converter and a ladle lined with a basic refractory consisting of 15-85% of calcium oxide (CaO), and 15-75% of magnesium oxide (MgO), wherein said alloy consists essentially of at least one major ingredient selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co);(b) adding at least one additive, based on the molten alloy, into said molten alloy in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of a non-oxidizing atmosphere and a vacuum, wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), aluminum alloys, silicon and silicon alloys;(c) desulphurizing, deoxidizing and denitrifying said molten alloy under an atmosphere

Abstract: The disclosed method of producing an iron-, nickel-, or cobalt-base alloy with low contents of oxygen, sulphur, and nitrogen comprises steps of melting the alloy in a crucible lined with a basic refractory containing at least 40% of calcium oxide; and adding at least one additive and not more than 5% by weight of at least one flux, based on said alloy, the additive being selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, silicon, silicon alloys, titanium, zirconium, niobium, boron, and rare earth elements, the flux being selected from the group consisting of oxides, silicates, carbonates, and halides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, and aluminum oxide, so that the resultant molten alloy contains 0.005 to 7.0% of aluminum, 0.005 to 7.0% of silicon, and 0.0005 to 0.005% of calcium.

Abstract: A molten iron and steel is refined by feeding a compressed and deformed composite clad obtained by clading a core material of at least one of metallic calcium, metallic magnesium, calcium base alloys and magnesium base alloys with a sheath of iron, into the molten iron and steel at a feeding rate of 20-500 m/min. while deoxidizing, desulfurizing and spherodizing of graphite are effectively carried out.