Abstract: A calorimeter that includes a sample cell, a reference cell, a pressure system that applies a variable pressure to the sample cell, and a pressure controller that controls the pressure applied by the pressure system to the sample cell. By applying identical pressure perturbations to both the sample and reference cells over a range of temperatures, the calorimeter can be used to accurately calculate both the thermal coefficient of expansion of various substances, and the volume change of molecules undergoing a structural transition.

Abstract: A calorimeter that includes a sample cell, a reference cell, a pressure system that applies a variable pressure to the sample cell, and a pressure controller that controls the pressure applied by the pressure system to the sample cell. By applying identical pressure perturbations to both the sample and reference cells over a range of temperatures, the calorimeter can be used to accurately calculate both the thermal coefficient of expansion of various substances, and the volume change of molecules undergoing a structural transition.

Abstract: A differential calorimeter includes sample and reference cells, a thermal shield surrounding these cells, heating devices thermally coupled to the thermal shield and the cells, a temperature monitoring system for monitoring temperature of the shield, cell temperatures and temperature differentials between the cells and the shield, and a control system. The control system has input lines to receive signals from the temperature sensors and output lines connected to the heating devices. The control system is configured to generate output signals for control of heating devices. A gain setting and scan rate are selected by means of a user interface. The output control signals are functions of input temperature signals and the user-selected gain setting, and also functions of input temperature signals and the user-selected scan rate using a mapping function stored in memory.

Abstract: A calorimeter includes sample and reference cells, a thermal shield surrounding these cells, a heating device thermally coupled to the thermal shield, temperature sensors for monitoring a temperature of the shield and a temperature differential between the shield and the cells, and a control system. The control system has an output line connected to the heating device and input lines to receive signals from the temperature sensors. The control system is configured to generate on its output line an output signal which is a function of both the input signals received on its input lines.