Abstract: A method of removing an organic, preferably polymeric, light-emitting material (4) from defined areas of a substrate (1) comprises the steps of arranging a shadow mask (5) to overlie the organic material other than in the defined areas, and applying a beam of ions (7) to the defined areas through the mask. The method is useful in forming organic light-emitting diode arrays.

Abstract: An optoelectronic device includes a substrate (6, 7) comprising semiconducting material and an array of smart pixels arranged on or in the substrate, each smart pixel comprising at least one layer (12) of organic light emitting material, and a light permeable electrode (13) in contact with the organic layer on a side thereof remote from the substrate. The smart pixels may be capable of one or more of a range of functions, including image sensing, processing, communication and display.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for depositing material on a substrate is provided in which material (4) is deposited on a substrate (8) by arranging the material in a container (2), and contacting the surface of the material (4) with a beam of electrons so as to evaporate the material and transfer it to the substrate. A shield (7) opaque to electrons is arranged to cover a portion of the surface contacted by the beam of electrons. Relative movement occurs between the container (2) on one hand and the shield (7) and the beam of electrons on the other hand such that the portion of the surface previously contacted by the beam of electrons is no longer covered by the shield and is exposed to the substrate (8).

Abstract: In a method of creating an electroluminescent device, a plurality of organic electroluminescent pixels (10) are created on a transparent substrate (7), active electronic circuitry (14) is created on a second separate substrate (15), and the two substrates are assembled together with the active electronic circuitry (14) facing the transparent substrate (7) in such a manner as to form discrete electrical connections (17) between the active electronic circuitry and the organic light emitting diode pixels (10). An insulating matrix material (18) can then be used to fill the space between the substrates (7, 15).

Abstract: A method and circuit for controlling a light emitting element such as a light emitting diode. A pulse coded modulated signal of a set duration is supplied to the element (LED) so as to cause the element to emit light for a period of time depending on the duration of the signal, the apparent brightness of the element depending on said period of time. The signal can be applied by sequentially activating each of a plurality of bit lines (B0, B1, B2), each comprising a storage node (S0, S1, S2), for a binary weighted period of time.

Abstract: Material (4) is deposited on a substrate (8) by arranging the material in a container (2), and contacting the surface of the material (4) with a beam of electrons to so as to evaporate the material and transfer it to the substrate. A shield (7) opaque to electrons is arranged to cover a portion of the surface contacted by the beam of electrons. Relative movement occurs between the container (2) on one hand and the shield (7) and the beam of electrons on the other hand such that the portion of the surface previously contacted by the beam of electrons is no longer covered by the shield and is exposed to the substrate (8).

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device from a semiconductor substrate (1) comprising circuitry (2) and terminal means (3) for establishing electrical connection to the circuitry; and a sheet (4) for forming a further layer of the device, the sheet comprising at least one groove (5). Adhesive is applied to at least one of the substrate (1) and the sheet (4); the substrate and the sheet are then aligned in a position such that the groove (5) faces the terminal means (3); and the substrate and the sheet are then attached together by means of the adhesive.

Abstract: An image-forming system, for example for a camcorder or digital still camera, comprises an object (1), such as a display, a multi-element magnifying optical path (8) and focal length varying means for addition, adjustment or removal of one or more elements (9) in the optical path in order to vary the distance between a viewer's eye and the system, at which distance the magnified object can be viewed.

Abstract: A method of patterning a functional material (150) onto a substrate (100) comprises the steps of (a) applying a layer of protective material (130), soluble in a solvent in which the functional material is insoluble, to at least one major surface of said substrate; (b) removing areas of said layer (130) to gain access to the substrate in well-defined regions; (c) depositing the functional material (150) at least onto the substrate in the well-defined regions; and (d) removing the remaining layer of protective material from the substrate by dissolution in said solvent.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode device comprises a substrate (1), a layer (3) of organic, preferably polymeric, light emitting material, and a transparent cathode (4) comprising a layer of material with a work function less than 4 eV. The device has a passivation layer (5) comprising boron oxide.

Abstract: An optoelectronic display comprises a substrate 32 of semiconducting material and an array of organic light emitting diode (OLED) pixels arranged on the substrate, which comprises an active circuit for controlling the light emitted from each pixel. Each pixel comprises at least one layer of organic light emitting material 46, and an (at least semi-) transparent electrode 48 in contact with the organic layer on a side thereof remote from the substrate, the electrode comprising an electrically conducting polymer 50.

Abstract: An optoelectronic display device comprises an organic light emitting diode microdisplay 1 and a viewing convex lens 2 arranged at a distance from the microdisplay which may be less than, equal to or greater than the focal length of the lens.