Abstract: A volatile substance delivery system includes a volatile substance container to contain a volatile substance, an optional absorbent and collapsible element disposed within the container to reduce presence of undesired air during manufacture of the device, an outlet to deliver a volume of the volatile substance from the volatile substance container toward an ambient environment, and a manual screw pump to reduce volume (or sometimes, just increase pressure) within the volatile substance container and promote the delivery of the volatile substance from the volatile substance container. A safety chamber is sometimes provided to resist unintended escape of volatile substance in liquid phase to the environment.

Abstract: The invention includes apparatus and methods for electrotransport of a drug or other beneficial agent through a skin or mucosal membrane surface. In one embodiment, at least one of the cathode or anode electrode of an electrochemical cell is configured, at least in part, as an electroactive needle for insertion all or part way through the stratum corneum of a patient's skin. A reservoir containing a beneficial agent may be provided in fluid communication with one or more electroactive needles, in which case the electroactive needle(s) may be configured with a hollow bore interior for transport of the beneficial agent directly into a subject's tissues. In a related embodiment, an electroactive needle is configured for intravenous and/or intramuscular use. The invention also includes an electrotransport system comprising an electrochemically active porous substrate. In a further embodiment, the invention comprises an electrotransport system having one or more implantable active porous electrodes.