Abstract: An apparatus for maintaining a constant temperature within a vessel immersed in a liquid by surrounding a portion of the vessel, extending above the surface of the liquid, with a wick. The wick conducts liquid up to a predetermined point on the vessel and maintains the liquid at that point, regardless of changes in the level of the liquid due to evaporation. The wick is encased within a layer of heat insulating or heat conducting material to further aid in maintaining a constant temperature within the vessel. A second embodiment, including alternating layers of heat conducting and heat insulating material, is disclosed for increased temperature control. The disclosed apparatus is particularly useful for maintaining a constant temperature within a vessel attached to a scientific instrument, such as a pore volume and surface area analyzer.

Abstract: A chromatograph detection system for differentiating pure components of a chromatogram for accurate measurement or collection of such components. The light beam passing through a single detector flow cell is split and absorbance is detected at two differing wavelengths. Undesirable overlapping components are eliminated by scaling the chromatogram at one wavelength to equal the chromatogram at the other wavelength, and then subtracting the chromatograms. Purity of component substances is determined by continuously dividing the chromatogram signals to determine the absorbance ratio and its characteristics over time.

Abstract: Particles suspended in a fluid medium are separated into isolated fractions by size by passing a suspension of such particles through an unobstructed passageway, the particles emerging from the passageway in decreasing order of size.

Abstract: Improved method and apparatus for injecting a predetermined amount of a sample liquid into a high pressure stream of carrier liquid for introduction into a liquid chromatography column, wherein the flow of high pressure carrier liquid in the column is maintained at a substantially constant pressure and rate of flow, including periodically accumulating a precise amount of sample liquid in a primary flow path of carrier liquid to the column while automatically diverting all of the carrier liquid into a secondary flow path to the column in response to a small increase in carrier liquid pressure upstream of the sample accumulation point. Also disclosed is a three position, rotary sample injection valve having improved sealing means for introducing a sample liquid into a high pressure carrier liquid.

Abstract: Sample introduction apparatus useful in liquid chromatography and including a valve body having at least one fluid passage of precisely defined volume to receive a sample material and having another fluid passage delivering carrier liquid to a liquid chromatograph. The valve body can be manipulated to place the precisely defined volume in the chromatograph fluid circuit, so that the sample contained within the volume is positively displaced into the chromatograph.

Abstract: Apparatus used in the field of liquid chromatography. There is disclosed pump apparatus for continuously delivering a flow of carrier liquid either at a constant rate of flow or at a constant pressure. The pump apparatus includes a pair of differential-piston pressure intensifiers which are sequentially operated so that the high-pressure sides of the pressure intensifiers sequentially supply carrier liquid to the chromatograph column. Each pressure intensifier is sequentially operated by a constant-rate of flow application of hydraulic liquid, with essentially pulseless operating transition between pressure intensifiers occurring during constant-pressure application of hydraulic liquid to both of the pressure intensifiers at a pressure measured during previous constant-volume hydraulic operation. An embodiment of the pump apparatus pumps plural carrier liquids in desired fixed or variable proportions.