Abstract: X-y positions of a digital pen's tip may be determined by using a calibration parameter to map the x-y positions of the respective centers of images captured by the pen's camera. The calibration parameter may be generated by iteratively calculating estimates of the calibration parameter. The iteratively calculated estimates may be based on a gradient of an error function of the iteratively generated estimates. Calibration input data may be produced by a user placing the pen tip in a fixed location on a surface, which may be a positionally encoded medium, such as paper, and then rotating the pen and/or moving the opposite end of the pen in various directions to capture multiple images for use in generating the calibration parameter. A user may perform such a calibration procedure without the need for complicated calibration equipment typically used in connection with conventional calibration techniques.

Abstract: A disc and information article sleeve is provided for allowing safe storage of discs and/or information articles. The sleeve may include a multiple interface connector to permit the sleeve to connect with a plurality of different secondary storage devices, such as a disc wallet. The sleeve may also include a disc access opening formed on a wall of the sleeve and an information article access opening along a different edge of the sleeve. The sleeve also may include a disc retention tab to allow for one-step insertion or removal of a disc from the sleeve. The sleeve may be designed to include two disc access openings and multiple sleeves may be incorporated together onto one page of sleeves.

Abstract: A method is provided for sending notifications to a mobile device to indicate that there is data on a computing device to be synchronized. Under one embodiment, the notification is sent as a short message service message. Multiple levels of notification are possible with the lowest level indicating only that there is data to be synchronized and the highest level identifying the object that changed and the content of the change.

Abstract: A failover algorithm implemented in software, without any failover-specific hardware, that allows servers in a cluster to determine whether a primary or secondary controller is active without requiring communication between the primary and secondary controllers. A server cluster includes several servers coupled to two servers, which are designated as a primary controller and a secondary controller. While the server cluster is operational, either the primary controller or the secondary controller will be actively controlling the cluster. Software running on the servers of the cluster, on the primary controller, and on the secondary controller, cooperates to ensure that each server will properly identify which controller is active at any particular time, including, but not limited to, upon starting up the server cluster, upon adding one or more servers to a cluster that is already operation, and upon failure of an active controller, a server, or a link between an active controller and a server.

Abstract: A mobile computer establishes a wireless communication session with a wireless access point of a computer network. The location of each wireless access point is known and obtainable either from a database on the network or from the access points themselves. The strengths of wireless signals passing between the mobile computer and multiple wireless access points of the network, including the access point with which the mobile computer has established the session are measured at multiple time intervals. The measurements may be taken at the mobile computer itself or at the wireless access points. The measured strength values are then weighted according to such factors as whether the mobile computer has already established a communication session with the access point from which the sample was taken, and how old the sample is. For each location, the weighted strength values obtained for access points in that location are summed.

Abstract: In an electronic mail system environment, a system and method for automatically checking recipients' names, providing message flags, providing custom forms, and providing an autoresponse feature. Recipients' names are resolved in the background, while the user of the e-mail system is composing the message. The user easily resolves ambiguous names by using a context menu. The resolved ambiguous names are automatically used to create nicknames, which are used to resolve ambiguous names in the future. Message flags allow a sender or recipient to identify required follow-up action and a deadline. The recipient may use the message flags to quickly determine which messages require follow-up action. The e-mail system notifies a recipient when a due date is approaching or when a follow-up action is past due. A custom forms feature allows a user to create and share custom forms without requiring the form to be published or installed by other user.

Abstract: A system for adaptively solving sequential problems in a target system utilizing evolutionary computation techniques and in particular genetic algorithms and modified genetic algorithms. Stimuli to a target system such as a software system are represented as actions. A single sequence of actions is a chromosome. Chromosomes are applied to the target system one action at a time and the change in properties of the target system is measured after each action is applied. A fitness rating is calculated for each chromosome based on the property changes produced in the target system by the chromosome. The fitness rating calculation is defined so that successive generations of chromosomes will converge upon desired characteristics. For example, desired characteristics for a software testing application are defect discovery and code coverage. Chromosomes with high fitness ratings are selected as parent chromosomes and various techniques are used to mate the parent chromosomes to produce children chromosomes.

Abstract: A method for efficiently updating and displaying the hierarchy of a remote data store and displaying subfolder indicia indicating that child folders contain at least one subfolder. When a user expands a folder, an e-mail client displays a cached list of the expanded folder's contents. After the cached data is displayed, a list of the expanded folder's child folders and a list of the subfolders contained in the child folders are retrieved from the remote mail server. The retrieved data is sorted and compared to the cached list, and the cached data is updated to reflect the correct child folders and whether the child folders contain subfolders. The displayed hierarchy is then updated to reflect the state of the data that was retrieved from the server.

Abstract: Information retrieval methods and apparatus which involve: 1) the generation of estimates regarding the probability that items included in search results are already known to the user and 2) the use of such knowledge probability estimates to influence the ranking of search results, are described. By discounting the ranking, or adjusting ranking values generated by a known search engine as a function of the knowledge probability estimates, the present invention reduces or eliminates the risk of locating known information near the top of a list of search results. This is advantageous since known information is generally of little interest to a user. In various embodiments the popularity of an item is used to estimate the probability that the item is already known to a user.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for displaying animations of menus solely in response to a cursor pointing in proximity to a menu marker that is displayed on a video display. Multiple menu markers may be displayed on the video display and each menu marker may be associated with a different menu. The animation may produce the visual effect of the menu sliding out of an associated menu marker. A dynamic control mechanism may be used to control the performance of the animation of the menu to account for different platforms and different processing states. In addition, audio output may accompany the animation of the menu.

Abstract: Apparatus and an accompanying method for generating a semantically based, linguistically searchable, numeric descriptor of a pre-defined group of input images and which is particularly useful in a system for automatically classifying individual images, on a numerical basis, in, e.g., an image database, and, through a query-by-example paradigm, retrieving a desired image(s) therefrom. Specifically, a signature is computed for each image in a set using multi-level iterative convolution filtering, with pixel values supplied as input to each filtering level being separately convolved with each one of a set of predefined Gaussian kernels. Average and variance vectors, as collective numeric descriptors of all the images in the set, are separately computed across corresponding elements in all the image signatures for the set. A linguistic term, semantically descriptive of all the images in the set, is associated with the numeric descriptors of this set and, with this set, is stored in a database.

Abstract: A computer method and system for providing a user with selectively interdependent control of devices. The devices include lamps, video cameras, motion detectors, and so forth. An identification of a first device and a second device is obtained from the user. A definition of a dependency relationship is then obtained from the user wherein the second device has a status which depends on a status of the first device. The status of the first device is continually monitored. When the status of the first device changes, the status of the second device is updated in accordance with the dependency relationship defined by the user. The second device is then activated or deactivated based on the updated status of the second device. Any number of devices are controlled in this fashion.