Abstract: Currency note and ticket processing apparatus, includes a housing, and a currency note validator for examining and validating or rejecting currency notes. A redeemable ticket reader is provided for reading redeemable tickets, while a printer is included to prepare new redeemable tickets for issuance for later redemption. Further provided is structure defining one or more pathways within the housing and an opening in an external wall of the housing communicable with the pathway(s) whereby the opening is a common opening at which currency notes or redeemable tickets are inserted into the housing and conveyed respectively to and beyond the currency note validator and the redeemable ticket reader, and at which new redeemable tickets prepared by the printer are issued from the housing. Means is provided for driving currency notes or redeemable tickets along the pathway(s) to or from the common opening.

Abstract: Coin validation can be advantageously improved by transforming measured data values associated with coin characteristics from a first geometric space to a second geometric space, in which the transformed values in the second geometric space are preferably better adapted for discrimination between different coin denominations than the corresponding values in the first geometric space. Preferably, principal component analysis is used to identify principal components that can be used as dimensions of the second geometric space, so that measured data values in the second geometric space are less correlated than in the first geometric space.

Abstract: A coin validator includes a coin insertion opening (40), a coin return opening (45) and a structure defining a coin path (30) from the coin insertion opening to the coin return opening. The coin path includes a return region (59) that extends upstream from the coin return opening, and means (55) to detect and identify an object in a detection region (54) of the coin path. Gate means (56) in the coin path between the detection region and the return region is responsive to identification of the object to either divert the object from the coin path or constrain it to traverse the path to the coin return opening. In one aspect, part (10) of the structure is actuable to move so as to widen substantially the whole of the coin path including the return region, whereby to facilitate clearance of jams in the coin path.

Abstract: Apparatus for obtaining certain characteristics of an article (60, 62), the apparatus including an electromagnet inductor (10, 30) with a first end (20, 54) and a second end (20, 54) with an air gap (24, 58) therebetween, there being at least one arm (12, 32, 34) joining the first end (20) and the second end (20) having electrical windings (14, 52) to generate a magnetic flux in the air gap (24, 58), the arm (12, 32, 34) being a fixed return path for the magnetic flux.

Abstract: A method of categorizing coins/tokens by energizing detect coils with a single pulse detecting the back EMF curve of the decaying pulse information, analyzing the unmodified back EMF curve to extract therefrom a number of variables and processing those variables to provide values proportional to the variables, and comparing the values of the coin/token to at least one of a number of reference values to determine into which of a number of predetermined categories the coin/token falls.

Abstract: A coin validator (10) has a coin path (26) which passes between one set of detect coils (40, 42). The set of coils (40, 42) is connected in a detect circuit, and the coils (40, 42) are adapted to be energized with a single pulse. The decay curve (70) of the voltage in the coils (40, 42) is processed to produce a set of three numbers of clock counts defining each coin, which are stored in a microprocessor. Preprogramming of the validator (10) involves generating sets of numbers for representatives of a coin type to create three ranges of numbers, within which respective range a subsequent coin's set of numbers must fall in order for it to be defined as an example of the coin type. The coin path (26) is arranged at an angle to the vertical, and the base (32) is arranged at an angle to the horizontal such that the angle between one wall (36) and the base (32) is between 90.degree. and 180.degree.