Abstract: The invention relates to a probe for removing slag samples from iron- or steel-making plants which has an inlet opening underneath the sample chamber, at least one region of the inlet opening having a small cross section in relation to the sample chamber, while the preferably cylindrical sample chamber has a small height in relation to its cross section.

Abstract: An immersion probe for determination of the concentration of a gas dissolved in molten metal includes a gas and molten metal-permeable, disk. A gas analysis method using the probe entails introducing into said metal through the probe inert gas streams which may contain a concentration of hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen gas which is greater or less than that contained in the molten metal. The dissolved concentrations of the two gases after passage through the metal are compared and enable accurate computation of the content of hydrogen gas dissolved in the metal. Using a mass spectrometer with argon as an inert carrier, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen concentrations may be determined by a single test procedure.

Abstract: A sampling cavity for sampling molten metals includes a cavity body for receiving a measured sample of a molten metal, and, an insert containing a material for promoting carbide formation in the molten metal as it cools, the insert being in the form of an enclosed capsule formed of thin polymeric walls containing the material in finely divided solid form. The insert is embedded within a wall adjacent to a fill inlet passage.

Abstract: A protective device for a support assembly for a thermocouple adapted for immersion into a molten metal bath to measure the temperature in the bath includes an elongated exterior protective tubular shield, preferably metallic. An interior spacing member is contained within or otherwise affixed to the shield. The spacing member may be in inset from the lower end of the shield to accommodate insertion of an end of a cardboard tube into the annular space between the pole and the shield. A thermocouple for measuring temperatures in a molten metal bath is affixed to the hollow cardboard tube. The shield may be provided with threaded holes, preferably also extending through the spacing member, to receive set screws so that the shield may be fixed at a desired location along the length of the pole.

Abstract: A mold for sampling molten metals includes a cavity body for receiving a measured sample of a molten metal, and, an insert containing a material for promoting carbide formation in the molten metal as it cools, the insert containing a measured amount of the material in finely divided solid form. The insert may be adhered to a recess in the mold surface or within a fill inlet passage and is preferably in the form of an enclosed tube formed of thin-walled material which contains the carbide formation promoting material in finely divided solid form. The insert may be formed of a metal closed at one end by a plastic adhesive material which opens upon immersion to release a stream of the carbide formation promoting material into the fill opening of the mold.

Abstract: A molten metal sampling device for immersion into and sampling of a molten metal includes a sample chamber defined by a mold body formed of heat resistant materials encased in a sand-resin body. At least one fill tube is interconnected with the sample chamber for introduction of molten metal. An air outlet passage is provided for egress of air from the chamber. An annular sleeve of heat resistant inorganic material surrounds the outlet passage, the sleeve being adapted to receive a support tube for supporting the sampling device during use. An elongated retaining strip, preferably a wire formed of a heat resistant metal, is affixed to the mold body and extends over the sleeve, thereby anchoring the sleeve to the mold body. Preferably, a central portion of the wire is affixed to the mold body and opposite ends extend through the sleeve and over an end of the sleeve.

Abstract: A protective device for a thermocouple for immersion into a molten metal bath to measure the temperature in the bath includes an elongated exterior protective body, which has an axis and is formed of a refractory composition. An interior reinforcing member is contained within the protective body extending along the axis. The reinforcing member may be in the form of a hollow tubular body which is filled with a refractory cement. A hollow tube is located within the body for protectively housing a thermocouple. A thermocouple for measuring temperatures in a molten metal bath is positioned in the hollow tube.

Abstract: A oil filter cooler involves a semi-circular or U-shaped metal device which simply "snaps" onto an oil filter due to the fact that it is slightly flexible, the device having radially extending fins extending outward which enable this device to draw heat away from the oil filter on which it is attached.

Abstract: A process of determining carbon content silicon content and carbon equivalent of molten iron includes immersion into the molten iron of an analysis device having a mold chamber with a temperature measuring device extending into the chamber. The temperature measuring device is operatively connected to a device for continuously monitoring and recording the temperature. The mold chamber is provided with at least one inner wall of a metal which serves as a heat sink for molten metal introduced into the mold chamber. A layer of thermally insulating material surrounds the mold whereby heat transfer from molten metal into the chamber is minimized. The mold, after dipping is removed into the ambient environment. The temperature of the sample is continuously measured as it cools. The rate of cooling is continually computed and the derived rate of cooling curve is used to identify parameters of the sample from analysis of the rate of cooling over a period of time.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for determining when the depth of molten (18) poured into a vessel (12) has reached a selected level. A conduit (22) connected to a source of pressurized gas and having an orifice (43) at its distal end (38) restricts the flow of gas out of the conduit which is positioned at a selected level in the vessel. A drop in pressure in the conduit (22) resulting from escape of compressed gas when the distal end (38) is melted by the rising molten metal is detected and signalled to a visible, audible indicator or directly to an electronic controller to discontinue pouring of metal (18) into the vessel (12).

Abstract: An immersion probe for determination of the concentration of a gas dissolved in molten metal includes a probe body in the form of an elongated hermetically sealed housing. The body has a first end adapted to be connected to a gas inlet and a gas outlet, which first end may be hermetically sealed by a temporary sealing means. The body has a second end adapted to be immersed in molten metal, the second end is spaced from and in fluid flow communication with the first end and has a gas-permeable, liquid metal-impervious plug. The second end and the plug are hermetically sealed by a molten metal-soluble cap until melted during immersion into molten metal. An inert, dry carrier gas such as nitrogen or argon may be sealed within the probe body. A metal sleeve around the probe body, preferably of a composition fusible in and compatible with a molten metal being monitored may be used to provide a gas impermeable seal for the probe body.

Abstract: A sampling cavity for sampling molten metals includes a cavity body for receiving a measured sample of a molten metal, and, an insert containing a material for promoting carbide formation in the molten metal as it cools, the insert being in the form of an enclosed capsule formed of thin polymeric walls containing the material in finely divided solid form. The insert may be adhered within a fill inlet passage or attached at the bottom of a cup sampler having an open top either by being adhered directly to the cavity surface or by being supported in a supporting means such as a pair of fingers projecting from the bottom of the cavity.

Abstract: A sampling cavity for sampling molten metals includes a cavity body for receiving a measured sample of a molten metal, and, an insert containing a material for promoting carbide formation in the molten metal as it cools, the insert being in the form of an enclosed capsule formed of thin polymeric walls containing the material in finely divided solid form. The insert may be adhered within a fill inlet passage or attached at the bottom of a cup sampler having an open top either by being adhered directly to the cavity surface or by being supported in a supporting means such as a pair of fingers projecting from the bottom of the cavity.

Abstract: A lance thermocouple of the type used for immersion in molten metal baths is provided with means for cooling by passage of low pressure air through the interior of the thermocouple connector. Radial passageways intersecting with a central bore are provided. Optionally the air or other cooling gas is cooled further by flow through a conduit wrapped with a cooling coil containing cooling water. In accordance with the invention a supply of cooling gas at a pressure less than about 10 PSI is provided to the interior of the lance pole. The hot junction end of the thermocouple is immersed in molten metal while a stream of the cooling gas is caused to flow through the interior of the thermocouple connector, radially outward from the passages and subsequently vented to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A lance thermocouple of the type used for immersion in molten metal baths is provided with means for cooling by passage of low pressure air through the interior of the thermocouple connector. Radial passageways intersecting with a central bore are provided. Optionally the air or other cooling gas is cooled further by flow through a conduit wrapped with a cooling coil containing cooling water.

Abstract: Method and sampling apparatus for obtaining accurate carbon samples in ultra-low carbon melts includes a capping system for the fill tube which uses Pyrex or low carbon steel caps, preheating or preigniting parts to burn off contaminants and a zircon coating can be employed around the immersion vehicle to prevent carbon contaminants from reaching the sample mold.

Abstract: An immersion sampler probe for the analysis of a molten metal bath in a BOF vessel. The probe is weighted to penetrate the slag and position a temperature sensor or oxygen sensor at an appropriate depth. A counterweight with a float ensures proper immersion depth. The float keeps the lead wires from contacting the molten metal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a molten metal sampler with a wrap of corrugated board with flutes which provide vertical channels for conveying and outgasing the gas caused by reaction of the body of a molten metal sampler or immersion thermocouple in the molten metal to above the surface of the metal to prevent splash of the equipment operators. The corrugated board is coated with a refractory cement to protect the corrugated board during immersion to maintain the integrity of the channels.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a molten metal sampler made from cast mold halves which are preassembled in a paperboard sleeve which is filled with sand-resin mix, which is then baked. The sampler is provided with windows on one sample cavity which are provided with metal plates which form the sides for sample mold and provide smooth sides for the sample. Various thickness plates can be employed to fit within the windows. The sampler is also provided with a bath thermocouple and a liquidus arrest thermocouple. The sample formed has a thick disc portion suitable for spectrographic analysis and a wafer portion suitable for punching for gas analysis.

Abstract: For a molten metal stirring lance a steel tubular member is coated interiorly with wax, for instance, and a refractory material plug is cast in the member. The plug extends from one end of the member and leaves a clear space near the other end. Melting the wax out leaves a thin gas passageway gap around the plug. The end having the clear space is capped and connected to a gas feed pipe which is surrounded by a stiffener member. The latter member is convered with a refractory material protective sheath. The refractory material in the tubular member erodes or ablates by a small amount during each use in molten metal to keep the gas discharge gap clear.