Abstract: Methods and systems for prognostic analysis in electromechanical and environmental control equipment in building management systems are described. In performing the prognostic analysis, the prognostics system acquires leading indicator input data representing the monitored signals associated with the target equipment and determine a prognostics model corresponding to the target equipment. The prognostics system applies the prognostics model to the leading indicator input data to determine a condition of the target equipment. The condition includes a current condition and/or a future condition of the target equipment. The prognostics system also outputs the condition of the target equipment to a database for accessing by a remote device or operator.

Abstract: In digital communications over a limited-bandwidth channel such as a radio-broadcast channel, multiple phase-amplitude shift keyed (MPASK) modulation is preferred using close packed hexagonal code. In quantizing such signals, a representation of an equalized received signal is transformed such that, to each symbol of the constellation, there corresponds a respective point on a square grid. A symbol of the constellation is determined as a quantized representative of the received signal by its selection as the one or the other of two symbols of the constellation having transformed representations at vertices of the square or rectangle in which the transformed signal lies. Such quantizing can be performed at a rate which is independent of the size of the constellation, and can be combined with similarly advantageous decoding in a receiver.