Abstract: A stable test device capable of manufacture by automated methods for the determination of chloride in an aqueous fluid sample. The test device operates by controlled diffusion of the aqueous sample into a porous matrix. The matrix is incorporated with sodium carrageenan and silver salts capable of dissolving in an aqueous fluid containing chloride, at least part of which silver salts is silver chromate. Devices prepared with the inclusion of sodium carrageenan provide a chloride test device with approximately double the shelf life under room temperature storage conditions of previous test devices prepared without sodium carrageenan. The stable test device provides useful information in less than about 2 minutes after the sample contacts the matrix. The chloride concentration of the sample is determined by comparing the pattern of silver chromate remaining after sample contact to an appropriate pattern chart.

Abstract: Immunogens for preparing antibodies against the drug lidocaine and related compounds, labeled conjugates, synthetic intermediates, and the use of such antibodies and labeled conjugates in immunoassays for determining lidocaine and such related compounds. The immunogens comprise lidocaine or an analog thereof coupled through one of the aromatic methyl groups to a conventional immunogenic carrier. The antibodies and labeled conjugates are particularly useful in homogeneous nonradioisotopic immunoassays for measuring lidocaine or its analogs in biological fluids such as serum.

Abstract: A viability test device wherein the viability of a test composition for the determination of an analyte of interest can be determined by simply wetting the device with ordinary water. The viability device can be prepared in three formats: a control or calibrator device, an internal control device and a self indicating device. Unreacted analyte, or an analog thereof, can be incorporated in a limited defined portion of a dried carrier matrix incorporated with a test composition to provide an internal control test device. When wetted with water, a positive optical response, usually color, indicates the test composition can provide a viable test for the analyte. The internal control test device is particularly advantageously used by diabetics in their own homes where a negative test response could be due to the desired control of the user's condition or due to deterioration of a test composition because of unfavorable storage conditions.

Abstract: A test means for determining the presence of an ion in an aqueous test sample, a method for preparing it and a method for using it. The test means comprises a hydrophilic carrier matrix incorporated with finely divided globules of a hydrophobic vehicle. The hydrophobic vehicle contains an ionophore capable of forming a complex with the ion and a reporter substance capable of interacting with the complex of ionophore and ion to produce a detectable response. The test means of this invention is useful for clinical determinations of serum potassium. The test means forms the reagent layer in a multilayer format which is particularly suited to whole blood electrolyte determinations and does not require washing or wiping before use.

Abstract: A volume independent test device is formed in which the reagent matrix is covered by a water-impermeable coating or membrane. At least three openings extend through the coating or membrane material, penetrating into the underlying reagent matrix. These openings permit liquid to pass through the coating or membrane material and into the reagent matrix material until the reagent matrix becomes saturated.

Abstract: Disopyramide immunogens, antibodies prepared therefrom, labeled conjugates, synthetic intermediates, and the use of such antibodies and labeled conjugates in immunoassays for determining disopyramide. The immunogens comprise disopyramide coupled by an ether linkage at a selected singular position on its phenyl ring to an immunogenic carrier material. Likewise, the labeled conjugates and synthetic intermediates are phenyl ether derivatives of disopyramide or precursors thereof. The antibody and labeled conjugates are particularly useful in homogeneous nonradioisotopic immunoassays for measuring disopyramide in biological fluids such as serum.

Abstract: A test means, test device and method for use for determining the presence of an ion in a test sample are disclosed. The test means comprises a substantially nonpolar, nonporous carrier matrix incorporated with an ionophore capable of forming a complex with the specific ion and reporter substance capable of interacting with the complex of ionophore and ion to produce a detectable response. The test means disclosed is particularly useful for serum potassium determinations. The test means forms the reagent layer in a multilayer format particularly suited to whole blood electrolyte determinations.

Abstract: A novel compound useful in detecting leukocytes, esterase and protease in a test sample. The compound has the structure ##STR1## in which: A is an acid residue, R is lower alkyl, aryl, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, amido or cyano, R* is H or lower alkyl, and X is O, S, or NR', in which R' is H, lower alkyl or aryl.

Abstract: Disclosed are trisubstituted benzene derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein B is selected from the group consisting of --NHCOC(CH.sub.3).sub.3, 1,3-oxazolinyl and --CONHR, wherein R is methyl, phenyl, or t-butyl; Y is selected from the group consisting of CO.sub.2 H, CHO, CO.sub.2 R' and COR', wherein R' is a lower alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and A is H or tetrahydropyran. Said compounds are valuable intermediates in the preparation of certain anti-allergic chromone or thiochromone-5-oxamic acid derivatives.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for producing a concentrate containing coagulation factors VII and VIIa in relatively high purity by contacting an aqueous preparation containing factors VII and VIIa with a divalent metal salt adsorbent having selective affinity for calcium-binding coagulation factors and eluting the coagulation factors therefrom, and contacting the eluate with an anionic exchange resin and selectively eluting coagulation factors VII and VIIa therefrom by step or gradient elution techniques to obtain factors VII and VIIa in high yield, free of other coagulation factors and other proteins. In one embodiment of this invention Cohn Effluent I may be used as the source of factors VII and VIIa.

Abstract: A composition and test device for determining the presence of an analyte selected from leukocytes, esterase and protease in a test sample. The composition comprises an ester capable of producing a detectable response upon interaction with said analyte, and a diazonium salt having the structure ##STR1## in which A.sup.- is an anion, and R same or differ, is H, lower alkyl, aryl, or both of R together form a fused ring system, and in which R' is H, OH or lower alkyl.

Abstract: A method for preparing important stereospecific intermediates in the synthesis of prostaglandin analogs is disclosed. Said intermediates are (+)R-2-methyl-hexane-1,2-diol and (-)S-2-methyl-hexane-1,2-diol and are prepared via an asymmetric halolactonization reaction utilizing L-proline and D-proline, respectively as the chiral agent.

Abstract: Reflectance apparatus is disclosed for obtaining measurement of nonspecular reflected light in which controlled light rays are directed by means of a lens and transmission path from a light source through a light trap to expose or illuminate a specimen and nonspecular reflected light is passed from the specimen through the light trap along a transmission path to one or more detectors where the nonspecular reflected light is measured.

Abstract: An immunoassay method and reagent system for determining nonenzymatically glucosylated proteins and protein fragments in a biological fluid based on the specific binding of such proteins and fragments with anti(Amadori-rearranged glucose), e.g., antibodies which selectively recognize the rearranged deoxyfructose form of glucose resulting when proteins are nonenzymatically glucosylated. The antibodies are raised against an immunogen comprising an immunogenic carrier material bearing 1-deoxy-1-fructosyl residues or conformers of such residues. Measurement of nonenzymatically glucosylated proteins and fragments thereof provides a useful index of blood glucose levels.

Abstract: A method for determining allergenic sensitivity of a mammal is disclosed. The method involves measuring the time required for hemostasis of a blood sample with an allergen in the presence of a blood clotting inhibitor and comparing the time required for hemostasis in the presence of a blood clotting inhibitor and the absence of the allergen. The sensitivity to the allergen is determined by determining the difference in time required for hemostasis.

Abstract: A test composition, device, and method for their use in a homogeneous specific binding assay which employs a substance having reactant activity, i.e., a reactant, as a labeling substance in the detection of a ligand in a liquid medium. The test composition and device comprise a conjugate formed of a specific binding substance coupled to the reactant. The reactant advantageously is an enzymatic reactant such as an enzyme substrate or coenzyme. The activity of the conjugated reactant as a constituent of a predetermined reaction is affected by reaction between the specific binding substance in the conjugate and a specific binding counterpart thereto. The presence of a ligand in a liquid medium may be determined using competitive or displacement binding or sequential saturation techniques wherein the specific binding substance in the conjugate is the ligand or a specific binding analog thereof, or using a direct binding technique wherein the specific binding substance is a specific binding partner of the ligand.

Abstract: Compositions containing thermally sensitive, therapeutically active proteins are pasteurized without substantial loss of therapeutic activity by mixing the protein composition with a pasteurization-stabilizing amount of a sugar or reduced sugar and of an amino acid prior to pasteurization. Pasteurized compositions containing therapeutically active proteins, which have heretofore been unattainable, can be prepared by the method of the invention.

Abstract: Independent reagent matrix zones are created in hydrophobic open celled natural or synthetic material by heating the open celled material along parallel lines at right angles to the length of a reagent test device so as to seal the material at predetermined intervals and thereby form separate reagent matrix areas on the same reagent test device. This technique results in a reagent test device which eliminates the runover problem which has caused cross contamination between reagent areas and resulted in the failure of reagent test devices to perform properly.

Abstract: An improved immunoassay method, reagent means, test kit, and test device for determining an iodothyronine, e.g., thyroxine (T-4), in a biological fluid, usually serum or plasma, wherein 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid (HMS), or a salt thereof, is employed as a blocking agent for the binding of iodothyronines to thyroxine binding protein (TBP). The present invention is particularly advantageous as applied to homogeneous competitive binding iodothyronine immunoassays employing labels which are participants in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Such labels include enzyme substrates, coenzymes, enzyme inhibitors, enzyme prosthetic groups, and enzymes.

Abstract: A sensor-integrator circuit having a sensor for producing a current varying in accordance with the sensed parameter or a reference current source, a comparator having inverting and noninverting inputs and an output and charge storage device coupled to the inverting input. The circuit is energized to obtain a given positive steady state reset voltage, a reference voltage is applied to the noninverting input of a comparator which is less positive than the steady state voltage and integration is initiated solely by alternately applying the current from the sensor and the reference current to the inverting input of the comparator.