Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification and characterization of a novel, membrane-anchored chemokine, neurotactin. Sequence analysis of neurotactin reveals that, while it includes an amino terminal domain which resembles that of other chemokines, it has an overall structure which distinguishes it from all presently identified chemokines. Neurotactin is highly expressed in normal mammalian brain. Inhibitors of neurotactin expression or activity can be used to treat inflammation.