Abstract: A vise includes a base and two opposed jaws. At least one of the jaws is movable with respect to the other so that an object can be gripped therebetween. At least one of the two opposed jaws includes a frame and an array of polygon-shaped pins stacked parallel to one another. The frame has a bottom side and two opposed sides tapering towards the bottom side. The pins are disposed on the bottom side. Each pin has a cross-sectional shape such that when stacked together, the pins fit flush with one another and an area defined by the frame is tiled by the pins without any substantial gaps therebetween. The pins are oriented such that the tapering opposed sides direct force vectors to increase a pin-to-pin clamping force and the frame selectively clamps down on the pins such that the pins are held in place.

Abstract: A process for producing a metal foam includes mechanically working a metallic powder such that oxide particles are finely dispersed within a metallic matrix and annealing the mechanically worked metallic powder in a vacuum the annealed metallic powder such that intraparticle porosity is formed by decomposition of the oxide particles at elevated temperature to reduce the oxide particles to metallic form and liberate the oxygen atoms in gaseous form, thereby creating porosity.

Abstract: A process for producing a metal foam. The process includes mechanically working a metallic powder such that oxide particles and/or dissolved oxygen are finely dispersed within a metallic matrix of the metallic particles that make up the metallic powder. The mechanically worked metallic powder is then annealed in a reducing atmosphere, where the reducing atmosphere is an atmosphere that results in the reduction of oxide and/or dissolved oxygen into vapor or gas molecules such that intraparticle porosity is formed within the metallic matrix by conversion of the oxide particles and/or dissolved oxygen to create vapor or gas molecules.

Abstract: A process for producing a metal foam. The process includes mechanically working a metallic powder such that oxide particles are finely dispersed within a metallic matrix of the metallic particles that make up the metallic powder. The mechanically worked metallic powder is then annealed in a reducing atmosphere, which in turn reduces the oxide particles within the metallic particles such that H2O gas molecules (steam) are formed within the metallic matrix and intraparticle porosity is produced.