Abstract: Electrodes are provided separated by spaces through which a liquid comes in and out, the electrodes being located 0.5 mm to 6.0 mm from the heat transfer surface in a liquid which has an electrical conductivity of 10.sup.-10 (1/(.OMEGA..multidot.m)) or more, the velocity of the flow being within the range of a Reynolds number for a laminar flow range, and a high-voltage direct current is applied to the electrodes to thereby produce turbulent components in the flow of the liquid to augment heat transfer between the liquid and the heat transfer surface.

Abstract: A photoacoustic imaging method comprises the steps of using modulated light of two different modulation frequencies to illuminate an object to be observed, so that an image of only a region of a specified depth within the object is obtained based on the difference between two photoacoustic signals separately detected by an acoustic sensor.

Abstract: 3-n-dodecylthiophene-3-methylthiophene copolymers are novel compounds having repeating units represented by the formula, ##STR1## and repeating units represented by the formula, ##STR2## randomly and linearly arranged and possessing a weight average molecular weight in the range of 60,000 to 100,000. 3-n-dodecylthiophene-3-methylthiophene copolymer compositions are novel compounds obtained by doping the copolymers mentioned above with a dopant. The copolymer compositions are obtained by electrolyzing a solution which consists of a supporting electrolyte capable of releasing a dopant, 3-n-dodecylthiophene, 3-methylthiphene, and a solvent. The copolymers mentioned above is produced by reducing the product of the electrolysis.

Abstract: A method for coating the surface of inactive granules comprises dispersing inactive granules having water adsorbed in advance on the surface thereof in a solution having a higher fatty acid and a metal alkoxide dissolved in small amounts in a non-hydrophilic organic solvent thereby forming on the surface of the granules a dense layer of microfine metal oxide powder produced in consequence of hydrolysis of the metal alkoxide.

Abstract: Determination of a plurality of species of antibodies or antigens is attained by a method which comprises forming a plurality of different kinds of reaction membranes each having a different species of antibody or antigen on an electrophoretic carrier, superposing these reaction membranes, optionally superposing a filter on the laminate of reaction membranes, inserting the laminate in an electrolyte, adding a plurality of different species of antigens or antibodies corresponding to the plurality of species of antibodies or antigens supported in the aforementioned reaction membranes, electrophoretically moving the added antigens or antibodies through the electrolyte and enabling them to react with the antibodies or antigens supported on the reaction membranes, and measuring the concentrations of either the antigens or antibodies resulting from the reaction or the antibodies or antigens supported in an unreacted form on the reaction membranes.

Abstract: A polymeric nonlinear optical material is produced by mixing a polyelectrolyte solution with an ionic pigment solution thereby obtaining a solution containing a composite of said polyelectrolyte and said ionic pigment, and separating said composite from said solution.

Abstract: A method for the production of a photoelectrochemical cell includes forming an anion-doped long-chain alkylthiophene polymer layer on one surface of a semiconductor directly or through the medium of a coating of a noble metal formed in advance on said one surface, interposing a solid electrolyte between a transparent electrode and the anion-dope long-chain alkylthiophene polymer on the semiconductor, and finally connecting a lead wire to the other surface of the semiconductor. A photoelectrochemical cell is produced by the method described above and consists essentially of a layer of an anion-doped long-chain alkylthiophene polymer formed on one surface of a semiconductor directly or through the medium of a coating of a noble metal formed in advance, a transparent electrode, and a solid electrolyte interposed between the polymer layer and the transparent electrode.

Abstract: A method for the fabrication of a superplastic composite material having metallic aluminum reinforced with silicon nitride includes thoroughly mixing silicon nitride with metallic aluminum, pressure-sintering the resultant mixture, further heating and pressing the sintered mixture, hot extrusion-molding the resultant sintered article, subjecting the molded article, when necessary, to a heat treatment such as the T6 treatment thereby forming a superplastic composite material, and deforming the composite material in a temperature region in which the material exhibits superplasticity.

Abstract: Enzyme-occluding polymer particles are produced by a method including the steps of dissolving an enzyme in an aqueous solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) possessing a styrylpyridinium group or a styrylquinolinium group, spray drying the aqueous solution, and exposing the resultant dry particles to an actinic ray, thereby photo-crosslinking the particles.

Abstract: A fine positioning device such as a stage device for placing a probe or a sample thereon in a scanning tunneling microscope comprises a fixed member, a first structure spring stage having a first base member integral with the fixed member, a first moving member and a first resilient member for resiliently coupling the first base member and the first moving member such that they are displaceable relative to each other in a predetermined direction, a first actuator for displacing the first moving member relative to the base member in the predetermined direction, a second structure spring stage having a second base member integral with the first moving member, a second moving member and a second resilient member for resilient coupling the second base member and the second moving member such that they are displaceable relative to each other in a direction parallel to the predetermined direction, and a second actuator for displacing the second moving member relative to the second base member in the parallel direct

Abstract: An ultra-fine gold particle-immobilized oxide is produced by a method which comprises adding an alkali compound to an aqueous solution containing a gold compound and a water-soluble metal salt thereby giving rise to a coprecipitate in the aqueous solution, separating the coprecipitate from the aqueous solution, and calcining the separated coprecipitate. This method is characterized by allowing the presence of a carboxylic acid or a carboxylate in the aqueous solution from the beginning or after the occurrence of the coprecipitate.

Abstract: A cubic boron nitride-containing high-density inorganic composite sintered article is produced by a method which essentially consists of preparing a mixture of a cubic boron nitride powder with an inorganic compound powder capable of forming a high-rigidity sintered article under the conditions permitting the cubic boron nitride to remain in a substantially metastable, though not thermodynamically stable, state, a mixture of an inorganic compound-coated cubic boron nitride powder with an inorganic compound powder, or an inorganic compound-coated cubic boron nitride powder, and sintering the mixture of the cubic boron nitride powder with an inorganic compound powder, the mixture of the inorganic compound-coated cubic boron nitride powder with an inorganic compound powder or an inorganic compound-coated cubic boron nitrides powder, under the conditions of not more than 2,000 MPa of pressure and not more than 1,500.degree. C.

Abstract: A conveyance device has a high-temperature pulley and a low-temperature pulley rotatably mounted on a chassis at a prescribed distance from each other and an endless belt constituted of a shape memory alloy is wound around the two pulleys. The high-temperature pulley is maintained at a temperature higher, and the low-temperature pulley at a temperature lower, than the transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy. The pulleys are rotated and the chassis powered to move by the force produced by the shape memory alloy when it restores to its memorized shape.

Abstract: A sintered article of diamond is obtained by coating the surface of diamond particles with 30 to 0.1% by volume, based on the total volume of the diamond particles and aids, of at least one member selected from the group consisting of the transition metals of Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a in the Periodic Table of Elements and boron and silicon, and sintering the coated diamond particles under conditions of high pressure and high temperature, which sintered article consists of 70 to 99.8% by volume of diamond and 30 to 0.2% by volume of the carbide of the coating substance. A method for the production of the sintered article of diamond is also disclosed.

Abstract: A nozzle for water jet cutting has a piezoelectric element provided at a position for acting on a fluid in its pressure chamber. A voltage varying with time is applied to the piezoelectric element to provide flow rate oscillation or pressure pulsation to the fluid which is jetted from the nozzle.

Abstract: A wire guide apparatus for a wire driven mechanism includes an arm stem member, an arm end member having a hand section, a joint section for rotatably coupling the arm end member to the arm stem member, a wire guide pulley, and a device for bending the arm end member relative to the arm stem member. The arm stem member is provided with a first drive source for driving the hand section via wires and a second drive source for driving the bending device. The wire guide pulley is rotatably supported at an eccentric position relative to an elbow position of the arm end member for guiding the wires to pass through the arm stem member and arm end member and is displaced toward the arm stem member by an amount corresponding to an extent of bending of the arm end member.

Abstract: A expression-secretion vector is constructed by using a DNA sequence comprising a DNA fragment obtained by subjecting a DNA sequence consisting of a region involved in the expression of a gene coding for an extracellular enzyme of a bacterium of the genus Bacillus and a region involved in the secretion of the enzyme thus expressed to a deletion in the region involved in the secretion which can enhance the extracellular production of a protein dependent on the DNA fragment. By transforming a host bacterium with a recombinant DNA molecule formed by inserting a DNA fragment comprising a gene coding for a desired protein into the expression-secretion vector and then culturing the transformed host, the extracellular production of the desired protein in a large amount can be accomplished.

Abstract: A water-soluble substrate and an oily substrate are continuously reacted with immobilized lipase in a reaction vessel having vertically maintained apart upper and lower conically-shaped regions, respectively, for separation of a water-soluble product and an oily product, a plurality of lipase reaction zones each containing immobilized lipase capable of being fluidized and an agitating means, and a plurality of intermediate separation zones for separation of an oily substance and a water-soluble substance. The lipase reaction zones and the intermediate separation zones are disposed alternately between the upper and lower conically-shaped separation regions. Boundaries between the lipase reaction zones and intermediate separation zones are pervious to liquid but impervious to the immobilized lipase.

Abstract: An amorphous substance obtained by mixing volcanic ash with or without added clay and water and, if necessary, a surfactant, kneading the mixture, and shaping and firing. Additives such as camphor or naphthalene may be included prior to firing for plasticity and to form pores. The resultant mixture possesses an ability to adsorb phosphorus selectively. When this substance is placed in contact with a phosphorus-containing liquid, it removes phosphorus from the liquid.

Abstract: A visualizing method for three dimensional standing wave sound field comprises the steps of mixing into a liquid medium a large number of fine particles of the same density as said liquid medium and exposing the liquid medium containing the fine particles to a three dimensional standing wave sound field produced by ultrasonic waves thus causing the fine particles to move to positions where the amplitude of the sound pressure is minimum, the sound pressure distribution of the three dimensional standing wave sound field being visualized by the distribution of the fine particles.