Abstract: An optical device for collecting light and selectively outputting or concentrating the light. A layer has an optical index of referaction n1l, and top, bottom and side surfaces defining an angel of inclination &phgr;. A back surface spans the top, bottom and side surface. A first layer is coupled to the bottom surface of the layer and has an index of refraction n2. The first layer index n2 causes light input through the back surface of the layer to be preferentially output into the first layer. A second layer is coupled to the bottom of the first layer and selectively causes output of light into ambient. Additional layers, such as alight polarization layer, a polarization converting layer and a post LCD diffuser layer can be used to make preferential use of polarized light of diffuse light having passed through the LCD layer to enhance viewing of the output light.

Abstract: A nonimaging illumination optical device for producing a selected far field illuminance over an angular range. The optical device includes a light source 102, a light reflecting surface 108, and a family of light edge rays defined along a reference line 104 with the reflecting surface 108 defined in terms of the reference line 104 as a parametric function R(t) where t is a scalar parameter position and R(t)=k(t)+Du(t) where k(t) is a parameterization of the reference line 104, and D is a distance from a point on the reference line 104 to the reflection surface 108 along the desired edge ray through the point.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming films comprising Fe, Ru or Os employing the techniques of chemical vapor deposition to decompose a vapor comprising an organometallic compound of the formula (a): (CO).sub.4 ML or (b): M.sub.2 [.mu.-.eta.:.eta..sup.4 -C.sub.4 ](CO).sub.6 ; wherein L is a two-electron donor ligand and each R is H, halo, OH, alkyl, perfluoroalkyl or aryl; so as to deposit a coating comprising one or more of said metals on the surface of a substrate.

Abstract: Surgical instruments are disclosed for manipulating selected tissue in a body cavity under visual inspection. The preferred instrument includes a probe in which a blade is positioned, wherein the probe includes a lateral aperture near its distal end. The blade can be extended outwardly from the probe along a path which is essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the probe. After the blade has been extended it can be used to effectively divide tissue. An optical system can be received in the probe for viewing through the lateral aperture in the probe.