Abstract: Upon detecting a plurality of troubles based on input numerals by various sensors and the like, warnings corresponding to respective troubles simultaneously appear on a part of a liquid crystal display as pictorial characters, and a help key blinks. Processing contents for the warning of the highest priority appears on the liquid crystal display, as well. Each time the help key is turned on, processing contents for a warning on display changes into that for another warning corresponding to each pictorial character according to the order of priority.

Abstract: A camera system comprises a brightness measuring circuit, a exposure line choosing circuit, an operable switch, a film driver and a film driving mode selector.The brightness measuring circuit measures brightness of a photographic scene to send a brightness value. The exposure line choosing circuit chooses one of a plurality of exposure lines in which each lines selects a combination of an aperture value and a shutter speed value at each brightness value. The film driver drives a film in either of a first mode in which the film is wound only one frame in response to the operation of the operable switch and a second mode in which the film is wound frame by frame continuously as long as the operable member is operated. The film driving mode selector selects one of the modes in accordance with the exposure line chosen by the choosing circuit.

Abstract: A transparent film used as recording media in an electrophotographic apparatus and having different expansion and shrinkage characteristics during heating in length and width directions. At the end portion of the film in the direction in which the film has slighter shrinkage is provided a non-transparent member so that the passage of the film can be detected by means of photosensors without the non-transparent member being peeled away from the film due to the differences in the shrinkage factors of the film and the non-transparent member upon fixing.An image forming method for forming an image on the transparent film. In the above method, the transparent film is set at a supply portion of the electrophotographic apparatus so as to be fed along the direction in which the film has greater shrinkage during heating, so that the film does not jam and roll up on a fixing rollers and is allowed stable image formation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member composed of a photosensitive layer and a surface protective layer on an electrically substrate in this order, in which the surface protective layer comprises an amorphous carbon layer which has a specified ratio of absorptivity coefficients of infrared absorption peaks in infrared absorption spectrum.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus, in forming an image on the blank surface of a recording paper the one-side surface of which has an image already formed thereon for the purpose of promoting further utilization of the recording paper, forms on the aforementioned one-side surface of the recording paper a mark indicating unnecessariness of the image already formed on the one-side surface. This apparatus is provided with a marking unit capable of inscribing on the used surface having an unnecessary image recorded thereon a mark indicating unnecessariness of this image. This marking unit is actuated only when the fact that the reverse surfaces of recording papers have unnecessary image information already recorded thereon is detected, when the fact that the particular one of a plurality of paper feeding trays which accommodates used recording papers has been designated is detected, or when recording papers have been supplied from the paper feeding tray accommodating used recording papers.

Abstract: A light beam scanning optical apparatus which deflects a light beam emitted from a light source with a polygonal mirror and scans the light beam on a photosensitive member through an f.theta. optical system. Suppose the distance between a rotation axis of the polygonal mirror and each reflecting facet in a case wherein the reflecting facets are flat to be A. If a convergent light beam is incident to the polygonal mirror, and if the reflecting facets are concave, the distance between the rotation axis and the facets is adjusted to be larger than A. If the reflecting facets are convex, the distance is adjusted to be smaller than A. Also, if a divergent light beam is incident, and if the reflecting facets are concave, the distance between is adjusted to be smaller than A. If the reflecting facets are convex, the distance is adjusted to be larger than A.

Abstract: A charging device with a plate-like electrode having a plurality of protrusions, the charging device having a cleaning device including cleaning members which are positioned bilaterally to the electrode and grip the electrode therebetween to clean. The cleaning device cleans the electrode while the cleaning members slide on a guide formed along the electrode, or the cleaning device cleans the electrode by griping the electrode by the cleaning members which are positioned along the electrode.

Abstract: A device for detecting the residual amount of a developer has a developer storing vessel, a light-emitting element for projecting a light for irradiation from the outside to the inside of the vessel, a light-receiving element disposed outside the vessel and adapted to receive the light for irradiation projected by the light-emitting element into the interior of the vessel and issuing a signal in response to the received light, and a control device for discerning between arrival and no arrival of the residual amount of the developer in the vessel at the prescribed level on the basis of the signal from the light-receiving element.

Abstract: A facsimile apparatus includes a plurality of image reading units, each reading an image and converting the read image into image data, and a main controlling unit for receiving image data through a communication line and transmitting the received image data through another communication line to another facsimile apparatus of a destination. In the main controlling unit of the facsimile apparatus, a selector selects one of the image reading units, and a communication line connection controller connects the main controlling unit through the communication line with the selected one of the image reading units. Further, a data receiver receives image data from one of the image reading units cconnected throught the comunication line by the communication line connection controller.

Abstract: A laser beam optical scanning device which has a laser diode, a collimator lens, a cylindrical lens, a polygonal scanner and an f .theta. lens. The polygonal scanner is made of resin, and when the polygonal scanner is driven to rotate, the reflective facets of the polygonal scanner are distorted to be concave or convex because of a centrifugal force. If the reflective facets are distorted to be concave with rotation of the polygonal scanner, the image surface shifts along the optical axis toward the polygonal scanner. Therefore, in this case, the elements of the optical scanning device are positioned such that the image surface is located behind a light receiving surface while the polygonal scanner is stationary and is located nearer to the light receiving surface while the polygonal scanner is rotating.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a scanning unit for reading image information, an image forming device for forming images corresponding to the image information, a memory for storing the image information read by the scanning unit, an identification device for identifying the users of the image forming apparatus, a setting device for setting the time period for maintaining the image information stored in the memory in accordance with the user of the image forming apparatus, and an erasing device for erasing the image information stored in the memory after the elapse of the time period set for each user by the setting device.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a developing device which accommodates a developer for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of a latent image carrier, a developing member provided in said developing device for supplying the developer to the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the latent image carrier and a mixing member provided in the developing device for mixing the developer accommodated within the developing device. In the above image forming apparatus, the operating time of the mixing member is determined prior to the start of operation of the developing member based on at least one value of a toner density at the end of developing, the developer standing idle time, and the total number of developing cycles with the same developer.

Abstract: A defocus amount of an object is detected by a focus detection unit of a camera, whereby a defocus velocity is calculated according to the detected amount. An average velocity is calculated using a plurality of defocus velocities and then a smoothing velocity is calculated, whereby a reversed position of a velocity direction is detected using the data. An average velocity, a smoothing velocity, and the time of a velocity direction reversed are calculated, whereby a correction velocity is obtained according to the calculation. A driving amount of lens is calculated according to the calculated correction velocity, whereby the photographic lens is driven by the lens driving device so as to follow the moving of an object.

Abstract: An optical device having an optical element, a base plate which has a mount surface for setting the optical element, a first holding member composed of at least a hole and a projection so as to permit the optical element mounted on the base plate to move longitudinally and a second holding member composed of a hole and a projection so as to restrain the optical element from moving in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis.

Abstract: A heater driving device for supplying AC power to a heater of a fixing device of an image forming apparatus. The heater driving device has self arc suppression type elements between an AC power source and the heater for controlling supply of AC power to the heater in accordance with a control signal supplied to the self arc suppression type elements. The control signal is obtained by modifying signal voltage corresponding to the temperature of the heater in accordance with an absolute value signal which is generated by reducing AC power and converting the reduced AC power to an absolute value, and then comparing the modified signal voltage and a pulse signal generated by a triangular wave oscillator.

Abstract: An automatic document feeder (ADF) for feeding a document across a platen is attachable to different types of copying machines which have different copying speeds. The ADF has a detector for detecting the copying speed of the copy machine and a controller for adjusting the document feeding speed of the ADF to the copying speed of the copy machine. The controller also controls the feeding speed of the document at a standard speed in a condition which does not lower copying efficiency and at a higher speed in a condition which lowers copying efficiency. A condition which does not lower copying efficiency is feeding documents other than the last document from the platen. A condition which lowers copying efficiency is feeding the first document to the platen and ejection of the last document from the platen.

Abstract: In a data processor, image data of a pixel matrix is subjected to orthogonal transformation to coefficient data, the coefficient data is quantized with a first quantization table for character image and a second quantization table for half-tone image, and the image data is discriminated to be character image data or half-tone image data according to the quantization data. The selected data is then coded. In another processor, image data are divided into first and second processing blocks of m*m and M*M pixel matrices wherein M>m and the second processing block includes one of first processing blocks and adjacent pixels. Image data in a first and second processing block are subjected to orthogonal transformation to coefficient data.

Abstract: An automatic focusing apparatus of a camera according to the present invention includes: a focus detector which detects repeatedly focus conditions of a photographic lens and outputs successively focus signals corresponding to the focus conditions; a drive unit for driving the photographic lens for focus adjustment; a predictor for predicting an in-focus point from the plurality of focus signals from the focus detector; a control unit for controlling the drive unit to drive the photographic lens toward the in-focus point predicted by the predictor; an auxiliary light projector for projecting auxiliary light onto an object to enable detecting operation of the focus detector; and a forbidding device for forbidding the control of drive by the control unit while the auxiliary light is projected by the auxiliary light projector.

Abstract: A flash apparatus which allows flashlight photographing of various subjects in a photographing screen in appropriate exposure by simple operation without failure. The flash apparatus comprises a flashlight emitting section having a predetermined irradiation angle with respect to a light emission optical axis, and irradiating direction changing means for automatically changing the direction of the light emission optical axis of the flashlight emitting section in response to subject information such as distribution information of brightness values of or distances to subjects in a photographing screen. Also a camera is disclosed which assures photographing of a main subject with appropriate exposure even when the main subject is in a backlighted condition or when another body is positioned nearer to the camera than the main subject.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an ink-jet type recorder comprising reserving means for withholding a recording liquid consisting of a mixture of electroviscous liquids (EVL) and coloring materials, the reserving means including a plurality of nozzles from which a jet of the recording liquid spouts out, and a plurality of pairs of electrodes for impressing a voltage to the recording liquid withheld in the reserving means, wherein the impressed voltage to the plurality of pairs of electrodes is controlled in order to change the viscosity of EVL so that a jet of the recording liquid spouts out from the plurality of nozzles onto recording media.