Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a rotatable photosensitive member a charging device for charging a surface of the photosensitive member prior to forming an electrophotographic latent image and a power source for applying a charge voltage which includes at least AC component to the charging device. The charging device includes a rotatable brush member which is formed by implanting piles formed by brush fibers on a base member and provided in contact with the photosensitive member. The photosensitive member and charging device and power source are provided to satisfy the following condition:V.sub.D =K.vertline.f.sub.AC -f.sub.p .vertline.(0<K.ltoreq.3),wherein V.sub.D is a moving speed of the surface of said photosensitive member, K is a constant, f.sub.AC is frequency of the AC component and fp is a pile frequency which is represented by V.sub.B /d (V.sub.B is the moving speed of the base material and d is a pile pitch).

Abstract: A multi-picture image printing system includes a reception portion for receiving a plurality of recording mediums sequentially, each recording medium carrying a plurality of pictures; a multi-picture image generator operable to read the plurality of pictures recorded on each recording medium and generate a multi-picture image based on the read plurality of pictures; a printer operable to print the generated multi-picture image on a sheet; a medium discharger operable to discharge recording mediums; a sheet discharger operable to discharge printed sheets; a storing unit including a plurality of containers for containing discharged recording medium and printed sheet; and a controllers operable to control the medium discharger, sheet discharger, and the storing unit to place a recording medium and a printed sheet bearing a multi-picture image having pictures recorded on the recording medium in the same container.

Abstract: A polygonal mirror is rotated by a brush motor, and a laser beam deflected by the polygonal mirror is detected by a sensor for generating a signal which determines a printing start position of each scanning line. The rotating speed of the motor is proportional to the frequency of the signal, and when the frequency of the signal becomes equal to a reference value, the motor can be judged to come to a steady rotation state. In a control circuit, the rotating speed of the motor is detected from the frequency of the signal, and the difference between the detected speed and a reference value is calculated and is sent to a comparator. Based on the speed difference and the back electromotive force which occurs in the motor, the comparator controls the driving voltage of the motor.

Abstract: A single-lens reflex camera comprises a taking lens having a zooming optical system, a finder whose angle of view is determined according to a focal length of the taking lens, and an operation member which is manually operated. In the single-lens reflex camera, the focal length of the taking lens is changed by driving the zooming optical system, and the zooming operation is controlled in response to an operation of the operation member so that the focal length of the taking lens is changed in the wide-angle direction by a predetermined amount. An angle of view corresponding to that which is seen before the focal length is changed is displayed within the finder.

Abstract: A photographed image recording and reproducing system includes a camera portion and a recording and reproducing portion. The camera portion has an image pick-up device for picking up an object image and producing an electrical image signal corresponding to the object image, a signal processing device for processing the electrical image signal into an analog image data signal, and an output device for outputting the analog image data signal. The recording and reproducing portion has a receiver device for receiving the analog image data signal, a conversion device for converting the analog image data signal to a digital image data signal, a memory device for storing the digital image data signal, a recording device for recording the stored digital image data signal on a record medium, and a reproducing device for reproducing the object image based on the recorded digital image data signal.

Abstract: Liquid developing method and liquid developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a latent image carrying member via a toner dispersed in a carrier liquid. An electrostatic latent image is formed on an image carrying surface, a liquid developer layer having a bottom layer of toner particles as the main constituent and a top layer of liquid carrier as the main constituent is formed on a developer holding surface and the electrostatic image is contacted with the top layer without substantially contacting the bottom layer with the image carrying surface. A member for maintaining a clearance between an image carrying member and a developer holding member at a predetermined space in which the top layer contacts with the electrostatic latent image without contacting the bottom layer to the image carrying member is provided.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus to prevent that the reception operation is interrupted. The image forming apparatus having a cassette for storing sheets, detecting member for detecting the quantity of sheets in the cassette, recording portion for recording images on a sheet, and controler for prohibiting the recording image by the recording portion when the detecting member detects a quantity of sheets that is less than a predetermined quantity.

Abstract: In a telescope, the adjustment order is limited so that dioptric power adjustment is made after adjustment of a distance between a pair of optical systems is completed. A pupil distance and a dioptric power correction amount are stored in a memory for every user. When a user uses the telescope, his or her pupil distance and dioptric power correction amount are read out from the memory to automatically make adjustment.

Abstract: A camera according to the present invention comprises a taking length whose focal length is variable. A focal length thereof is determined based on a subject distance measured by a distance measuring circuit and a relation between a subject distance and a focal length previously stored in a memory or according to a manual operation. The relation stored in the memory is changed based on a focal length determined.

Abstract: A contact charging device which charges the surface of an electrostatic latent image carrying member rotating at a high speed by contacting a charging member to the surface of the image carrying member. The charging member has a conductive substrate, a conductive elastic layer superimposed over the conductive substrate and having a JIS-A hardness of 30.degree. or greater, and a conductive resin layer superimposed over the conductive elastic layer and having a 10% elongation load of not more than 700 gf on a 1 cm wide section.

Abstract: The optical properties measuring device of this invention performs preliminary emission of light from a light source prior to main light emission for sample measurement, and approximates the optical properties of the sample based on the output from a photosensor at the time of preliminary emission. Then, based on the approximated optical properties, the luminous energy for the main light emission for sample measurement is determined. Main light emission from the light source in accordance with the luminous energy determined this way is then performed, and the sample's optical properties are calculated based on the output at this time. In other words, this invention is characterized in that the sample's optical properties are approximated beforehand by means of this preliminary light emission, and the luminous energy at the time of the main light emission to perform sample measurement is changed in accordance with the result of this calculation.

Abstract: A multi-slit type spectrometer includes a light diffracter which diffracts an incident light according to wavelengths; an optical shutter array member including a plurality of optical shutter elements arranged in correspondence with wavelength bands diffracted by the light diffracter, operable to transmit an incident ray according to an applied voltage, and made of PLZT. A zone of a given number of adjacent optical shutter elements is applied with a voltage corresponding to the wavelength bands of the rays incident upon the zone of adjacent optical shutter elements at a specified timing so that the rays respectively pass through or are reflected at the optical shutter elements. A signal processor receives the ray which has passed through or has been reflected at each optical shutter element and outputs an electrical signal according to the intensity of the received ray.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image onto a sheet includes a sheet supporting member; a charger which is positioned in a vicinity of the sheet supporting member; and a device for controlling the charger so that the charger charges a specific portion of the sheet supporting member corresponding to a leading edge portion of the sheet to an electrostatic potential higher than that of a remaining portion of the sheet supporting member. A method of adhering a sheet to a sheet supporting member during an image forming process includes charging a specific portion of the sheet supporting member corresponding to a leading edge portion of the sheet to a first electrostatic potential; charging a remaining portion of the sheet supporting member to a second electrostatic potential that is lower than the first electrostatic potential; and delivering the sheet to the sheet supporting member so that a leading edge portion of the sheet is aligned with the specific portion of the sheet supporting member.

Abstract: A charging device including a charging member which is in contact with or minutely spaced from a surface of a photosensitive member, device for applying a constant voltage to the charging member, and a controller for controlling the voltage applied to the charging member when a current flowing from the charging member to the surface of the photosensitive member exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: According to the invention, when directed to slow down a driven device, the speed of a driving motor is reduced from a first speed to a slower second speed. In this state, a driving gear continues to rotate at said second speed, whereas a driven gear continues to rotate by inertia and gradually slows down from said first speed. Thus, the rear of a cog of the driven gear is separated from the front of a cog of the driving gear. When the speed of the driven gear is equal to the second speed, i.e., the speed of the driving gear, the front of another cog of the driven gear reaches the rear of said cog of the driving gear. Accordingly, both gears lightly make contact. Thereafter, the driving motor is rapidly braked by maintaining the contact of the driving gear and driven gear such that both gears slow down and stop.When slowing down a driven device, noise generated by the impact of both gears is reduced as much as possible, and the time for slowing down a driven device is reduced.

Abstract: An one-component developing device includes an electrically conductive member which is located in a region extending from a position downstream, with respect to a moving direction of a surface of a toner carrying member, to a developing region, and is in contact with the surface of the toner carrying member. A surface of the electrically conductive member contacting the developing sleeve is formed of material, of which charge polarity is shifted to the same polarity side as a regular charge polarity of the toner in view of charge series, and which contains highly conductive material dispersed therein.

Abstract: A photographic color temperature meter capable of measuring light including stationary light and flash light. The meter controls timing of light measurements so that light measurement is performed during the time when stationary light and flash light are included and when only stationary light is included. Thereafter, calculation of color temperature only of flash light is performed.

Abstract: An electronic flash device, included in a compact camera whose flash-emitting part having a xenon tube is displaceable between a projecting position at which the flash-emitting part projects from a cover of the camera and a housing position at which the flash-emitting part is housed inside the cover thereof, for ensuring enough distance between a photographing lens and the flash-emitting part to prevent an occurrence of "red-eye phenomenon" upon photographing. In the cover which slides sideways with respect to a main body of the camera, is mounted the flash-emitting part and a spring which biases the flash-emitting part to the projecting position.

Abstract: An image editing apparatus used as a film scanner for reading the image of a photo film and outputting an image signal has a display unit for displaying an input image on its picture frame and can output image signals for showing all or a part of the input image on a plurality of paper sheets. An image editing apparatus can display on the picture frame of the display unit, the image of the sheet and an image representing the position of an image to be stored onto the sheet.

Abstract: A scanning apparatus has a luminous flux deflector and a single f.theta. lens. The deflector deflects a convergent luminous flux on a scanned surface at a uniform angular velocity. The f.theta. lens is arranged between the deflector and the scanned surface. The f.theta. lens is bi-convex in a main scanning direction and is made of a material having a refractive index of at most 1.6. One surface of the f.theta. lens in a main scanning direction is so curved that a radius of curvature in the main scanning direction decreases as an angle of view in the main scanning direction increases.