Abstract: An electrostatic copying apparatus is provided wherein a stationary original document image is projected onto a photosensitive member during movement of an optical device for exposure. An electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive member is transferred onto a copy sheet and is fixed. A jam detecting means is provided for immediately detecting a copy sheet being jammed along a transport path. A cleaning device removes residual toner particles remaining on the photosensitive member by means of magnetic force and stores the removed toner particles after a transferring operation. The occurrence of a jam is detected immediately, and thus a fault or an accident of the electrostatic copying apparatus due to the jam is prevented from continuing.

Abstract: A fixing and heating device for an electrostatic copying apparatus includes a fixing roller which (a) remains stationary at least until a toner is softened, (b) is driven at a low speed to even the surface temperature of the fixing roller when the surface temperature is lower than a temperature suitable for fixing, and is equal to the temperature suitable for fixing except during a fixing operation, and (c) is driven at a speed suitable for fixing when the surface temperature is suitable for fixing during the fixing operation.

Abstract: A plate for lithography or offset printing comprising a flexible substrate and a water-resistant coating layer formed on the flexible substrate, said water-resistant coating layer being composed of a water-insoluble resin binder and an inorganic pigment dispersed in said binder, and the water-resistant coating layer including an oleophilic ink-supporting portion composed of particles consisting essentially of at least one member selected from triiron tetroxide and .gamma.-type diiron trioxide, the particles being embedded in at least a part of the surface of the coating layer, and an etched hydrophilic ink-repelling portion composed of the inorganic pigment.

Abstract: A transfer film comprising a transparent plastic film substrate, an undercoating layer composed of an electrically conductive resin and having a surface resistance of 1.0.times.10.sup.6 to 9.0.times.10.sup.9 .OMEGA., and a toner receiving layer composed of a binder resin and having a surface resistance of 1.0.times.10.sup.10 to 1.0.times.10.sup.14 .OMEGA., which is formed on at least one surface of the transparent plastic film substrate through the undercoating layer.

Abstract: A supporting mechanism of a document cover lid to be used for a copying apparatus includes a base of a supporting member mounted to the upper portion of an apparatus housing so as to swing about a horizontal axis. A positioning member is mounted on one of either the apparatus housing or the supporting member has a first frictional surface which is a circular periphery in a vertical plane with respect to the horizontal axis. A contact member is mounted on the other of either the apparatus housing or the supporting member and, has a second frictional surface, which is a circular periphery in a vertical plane with respect to the horizontal axis and is elastically pushed against the first frictional surface. By this mechanism, it is possible to support the document cover lid in an opened position upwardly at an angle sufficient to replace an original document.

Abstract: A fixing and heating device for an electrostatic copying apparatus includes a fixing roller which (a) remains stationary at least until a toner is softened, (b) is driven at a low speed to even the surface temperature of the fixing roller when the surface temperature is lower than a temperature suitable for fixing when the surface temperature and is equal to the temperature suitable for fixing except during a fixing operation, and (c) is driven at a speed suitable for fixing when the surface temperature is suitable for fixing during the fixing operation.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus for an electrostatic copying machine includes a fixed blade having a straight cutting edge, a rotary shaft mounted for rotation on the frame of the machine, and a rotary fixed to an carried by the rotary shaft, the rotary blade having a spirally curved cutting edge. A wrap spring clutch is capable of transmitting rotation of a continually rotating gear to the rotary shaft and rotary blade. The wrap spring clutch is prevented from operation by a control cog of a double cog member. An inclinable member operates the double cog member to release the wrap spring clutch to enable rotation of the rotary shaft and rotary blade. The double cog member has a rotation lock cog which stops the wrap spring clutch after a predetermined rotation of the rotary shaft and rotary blade.

Abstract: An exposure adjustment device for an electrostatic copying apparatus provides that electric power of an exposure lamp is controlled by pressing a key so as to cause copy density over a surface of a photoconductive member to be adjusted. The exposure lamp is energized electrically subsequent to change a of copy density from a set level to a standard level predetermined for obtaining an ordinary copy when a period predetermined by a timer elapses after copying operation finished and/or after the key is operated. This results in that the copy density of exposure is accomplished properly even if an operator forgets to adjust the copy density of exposure.

Abstract: A copying apparatus includes a copy paper cutting device which is operated when an original document or an optical device for exposure reaches a predetermined position. The original document or the optical device is stopped when a trailing edge of a copy paper is detected. After at least the leading edge of the copy paper passes through the copy paper cutting device, the copy paper is fed out entirely from an apparatus frame without operating the copy paper cutting device. This results in that the last copy paper sheet of the roll of copy paper is not shorter than the distance between transport rollers in the copy paper passageway to prevent a copy paper jam.

Abstract: A mechanism for supporting a cover lid, particularly an original document cover lid of an electrostatic copying apparatus, includes a generally U-shaped support member for supporting the cover lid. A pair of arms of the support member are fixed to a pair of hinge members which are mounted on the machine frame for rotation about an axis. Support pieces are fixed to the hinge members for rotation therewith about the axis. First springs are connected to the support pieces for urging the hinge members, the support member and the cover lid to rotate about the axis in a first direction toward an open position of the cover lid. A revolving plate is pivotally mounted on the machine frame, and a support bar is fixed to one of the hinge members and extends into an elongated opening of the revolving plate, such that rotation of the hinge members around the axis causes the support bar to pivot the revolving plate between first and second positions.

Abstract: A particulate composite developer for electrophotography is disclosed, which has a novel dispersion structure comprising a continuous phase consisting of a homogeneous mixture of a resin and a pigment and a dispersed phase consisting of spherical particles of a soft parting or fixing material having an emulsion grade size and being dispersed in the continuous phase. This particulate developer has in combination improved adaptability to the developing operation, excellent transferring and cleaning properties, good ability to form a sharp image free of fog and good fixing property not causing an offset phenomenon.

Abstract: A thermosensitive recording material comprising a matrix of an electrically insulating, film-forming thermoplastic resin and dispersed as a fine powder in the matrix, a linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having at least 13 carbon atoms or its ammonium salt, and a thermosensitive electrostatic recording material provided by applying aforesaid material to the conductive surface of a thermally stable substrate.

Abstract: A transfer type electrostatic copying apparatus in which the area of a photosensitive member cleaned by a cleaning device reaches an exposure zone simultaneously or prior to the arrival of a movable portion of an optical system or an original carrier at an exposure starting position from a home position thereof. This results in clear and definite copied images being obtained. At the earlier stage at which the movable portion of the optical system or the original carrier starts moving, the photosensitive member is subjected to the cleaning process, and then the exposure process is effected when the movable portion or the original carrier is running stably. Thus, the electrostatic latent image obtained by the exposure are clear and definite and free from undesirable blurs. The photosensitive member is a rotary drum having bosses connected at opposite axial ends thereof which are removably mounted in holder members on the sidewalls of the copying apparatus.

Abstract: A process of making a thermosensitive recording material comprising a matrix of an electrically insulating, film-forming thermoplastic resin and dispersed as a fine powder in the matrix, a linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having at least 13 carbon atoms or its ammonium salt, and a thermosensitive recording material provided by applying aforesaid material to the conductive surface of a thermally stable substrate.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developing device for an electrostatic copying apparatus wherein a magnetic brush is formed on a surface of a developing roller includes a magnet roller rotating inside of a cylindrical sleeve which is located adjacent to the surface of an electrostatic latent image retaining member to which a developing material is circumferentially applied. The magnet roller stops at a rotary angle such that a bristle of the magnetic brush on the sleeve is spaced from the surface of the electrostatic latent image retaining member, whereby a bristle of the magnetic brush is prevented from remaining in contact with the electrostatic latent image retaining member. Thereby, the developing material is prevented from causing the surface of the electrostatic latent image retaining member to change chemically, the developing material is prevented from causing the electrical characteristics of the surface to fail, and the developing material is prevented from adhering to the surface.

Abstract: A composite magnetic developer having a self-friction-chargeability is in the form of fixable magnetic particles having a particle size of 5 to 30 microns and comprising a finely divided magnetic material dispersed in a binder medium which shows an adhesiveness under application of heat and pressure, in which the fixable magnetic particles contain fine particles of a magnetic material embedded in the surface of the fixable magnetic particles in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight based on the fixable magnetic particles and fine particles of a magnetic material adhering to the surface of the fixable magnetic particles without being embedded therein in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight based on the fixable magnetic particles. This developer provides a sharp and clear transfer image having a high density without fogging or edge effects on a transfer sheet having a low electric resistance such as a plain paper.

Abstract: A transfer sheet for electrostatically transferring thereon an electrically conductive or electrically semi-conductive toner in electrostatic photography or electrostatic printing, which comprises a substrate and a toner-receiving layer formed on at least one surface of the substrate, which toner-receiving layer contains a composition comprising (A) a thermoplastic acrylic polymer having a carboxyl group content of 2 to 30% by weight and (B) a thermosetting resin reactive with the acrylic polymer (A), is produced by coating on at least one surface of the substrate an aqueous composition containing the thermoplastic acrylic polymer in the form of an aqueous emulsion and the thermosetting resin in the form of an aqueous solution and drying the coated substrate to form a toner-receiving layer on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat-sensitive recording element comprising a recording layer including a starch partially esterified with an organic carboxylic acid as a polymeric binder for dispersing therein a leuco pigment and an organic acidic substance. This recording element provides a recorded image excellent in the water resistance and recording characteristics when it is used for thermographic recording. An aqueous solution of this partially esterified starch has a good storage stability and it does not get moldy even if it is stored for a long time.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing an original for projection by using a transfer film comprising a transparent plastic film substrate, an undercoating layer composed of an electrically conductive resin and having a surface resistance of 1.0.times.10.sup.6 to 9.0.times.10.sup.9 .OMEGA., and a toner receiving layer composed of a binder resin and having a surface resistance of 1.0.times.10.sup.10 to 1.0.times.10.sup.14 .OMEGA., which is formed on at least one surface of the transparent plastic film substrate through the undercoating layer.An original for projection which is excellent in the surface smoothness and image characteristics can be obtained by electrostatically transferring an image of a one-component type magnetic developer on a photosensitive plate for the electrostatic photography, onto the toner receiving layer of the above transfer film and bringing the transferred developer image into contact with a roller under application of a pressure to fix the developer image on the toner receiving layer.

Abstract: A fixing and heating device for an electrostatic copying apparatus includes a fixing roller which (a) remains stationary at least until a toner is softened, (b) is driven at a low speed to even the surface temperature of the fixing roller when the surface temperature is lower than a temperature suitable for fixing and when the surface temperature is equal to the temperature suitable for fixing except during a fixng operation, and (c) is driven at a speed suitable for fixing when the surface temperature is suitable for fixing during the fixing operation.