Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods for altering insulin secretion, particularly in the context of treatment of subjects having, or suspected of being at risk for having, diabetes mellitus. The compounds have the following struture (I): including stereoisomers, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein W1, W2, X, R1, R2, R3, R4, m and n are defined herein.

Abstract: Cobalt-porphyrin (Co-P) complexes for use as anti-obesity agents, and compositions and methods related thereto. The Co-P complexes exhibit reduced redox activity compared to cobalt mesoporphyrin (Co-MP) and cobalt protoporphyrin (Co-PP), which alleviates the deleterious effects associated with administration of Co-P associated with oxidative stress, particularly in the context of injection site toxicity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to genetic mutations in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase genes that segregate with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The invention provides methods for detecting such mutations, as a diagnostic for Alzheimer's Disease, either before or after the onset of clinical symptoms. The invention further provides treatment of cytochrome c oxidase dysfunction.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for producing adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) polypeptides and fusion proteins, including the production and use of recombinant expression constructs having a regulated promoter. ANT ligands and compositions and methods for identifying ANT ligands, agents that bind ANT and agents that interact with ANT are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for screening for agents that modulate mitochondrial function and in particular mitochondrial regulation of intracellular calcium. The methods may be used to detect agents that bind to a mitochondrial calcium uniporter and may also detect inhibitors or uncouplers of mitochondrial respiration. Agents identified using the screens provided herein have application in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases associated with abnormal mitochondrial function.

Abstract: Compounds which have utility in the treatment of conditions associated with altered mitochondrial function.

Abstract: Compounds which have utility in the treatment of conditions associated with altered mitochondrial function.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for identifying agents that alter mitochondrial membrane permeability transition. The screening methods generally detect agents that alter the interaction between the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator and cyclophilin D. Such agents may be used, for example, in the treatment of a variety of conditions associated with altered mitochondrial function.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for identifying agents that alter mitochondrial membrane permeability transition. The screening methods generally detect agents that alter the interaction between the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator and cyclophilin D. Such agents may be used, for example, in the treatment of a variety of conditions associated with altered mitochondrial function.

Abstract: Mitochondrial targets for drug screening assays and for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of diseases associated with altered mitochondrial function are provided. Complete amino acid sequences [SEQ ID NOS:1-3025] of polypeptides that comprise the human heart mitochondrial proteome are provided, using fractionated proteins derived from highly purified mitochondrial preparations, to identify previously unrecognized mitochondrial molecular components.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods treating arthritic disorders such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, and for treating other diseases associated with altered mitochondrial function, such as cancer, psoriasis, stroke, Alzheimer's Disease and diabetes.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods for altering insulin secretion, particularly in the context of treatment of subjects having, or suspected of being at risk for having, diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: A computer implemented glucose utilization defect (GUD) risk assessment system and method screens individuals for GUD risk based upon their mitochondrial DNA sequence. A data input receives sample data, which is compared by a deviation determiner against the standard mitochondrial DNA reference to generate a binary output sequence containing difference positions indicating deviations between the sample data and the standard reference. A deviation analyzer then assesses GUD risk by analyzing the binary sequence output with respect to ranges of mitochondrial DNA positions as identified by pre-screen ranges stored in a pre-screen ranges database and GUD ranges stored in a GUD ranges database. The GUD ranges found in the GUD database are further determined by a reference string analysis method or a branch point analysis method performed by the GUD risk assessment system and method.

Abstract: Compositions and methods based on determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms in mtDNA or homoplasmic mtDNA mutations are provided that are useful for detecting the presence or risk of diseases, determining the haplogroup of an individual, and establishing genetic relationships between individuals for genealogical and forensic purposes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved diagnostic methods for early detection of a risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans, and screening assays for therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, by comparing the levels of one or more indicators of altered mitochondrial function. Indicators of altered mitochondrial function include enzymes such as mitochondrial enzymes and ATP biosynthesis factors. Other indicators of altered mitochondrial function include mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial number and mitochondrial DNA content, cellular responses to elevated intracellular calcium and to apoptogens, and free radical production. Methods of treating, and of stratifying, human patients as such methods relate to disclosed indicators of altered mitchondrial function are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved diagnostic methods for early detection of a risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans, and screening assays for therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, by comparing the levels of one or more indicators of altered mitochondrial function. Indicators of altered mitochondrial function include enzymes such as mitochondrial enzymes and ATP biosynthesis factors. Other indicators of altered mitochondrial function include mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial number and mitochondrial DNA content, cellular responses to elevated intracellular calcium and to apoptogens, and free radical production. Methods of treating, and of stratifying, human patients as such methods relate to disclosed indicators of altered mitchondrial function are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to mitochondria protecting agents for treating diseases in which mitochondrial dysfunction leads to tissue degeneration and, more specifically, to compounds, compositions and methods related to the same. The methods of this invention involve administration of a pharmaceutically effective amount of a mitochondria protecting agent to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, and composition of this invention contain a mitochondria protecting agent in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. Mitochondrial associated diseases that may be treated by the present invention include (but are not limited to) Alzheimer's Disease, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's Disease, neuronal and cardiac ischemia, Huntington's disease and stroke.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for identifying agents that alter mitochondrial membrane permeability transition. The screening methods generally detect agents that alter the interaction between the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator and cyclophilin D. Such agents may be used, for example, in the treatment of a variety of conditions associated with altered mitochondrial function.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods treating arthritic disorders such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, and for treating other diseases associated with altered mitochondrial function, such as cancer, psoriasis, stroke, Alzheimer's Disease and diabetes. The compounds of this invention have the following structure (I): including stereoisomers, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1-5 are as defined herein. The methods of this invention are directed to administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of structure (I), typically in the form of a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to genetic mutations in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase genes that segregate with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The invention provides methods for detecting such mutations, as a diagnostic for Alzheimer's Disease, either before or after the onset of clinical symptoms. The invention further provides treatment of cytochrome c oxidase dysfunction.