Abstract: A process for producing a highly pure cis-epoxysuccinate in a high yield while suppressing a production of DL-tartrate as a by-product by epoxidizing a maleate with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an epoxidation catalyst, wherein said epoxidation is carried out in an aqueous solution containing 30 to 90% by volume of a water-soluble alcohol. It is possible to recycle the mother liquor separated of the formed cis-epoxysuccinate to the reaction system. The obtained cis-epoxysuccinate is useful as a polymer resin additive, a detergent builder(surfactant) and an intermediate for producing tartaric acid.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a laser diode comprising a Group III-V compound single-crystal substrate of first conduction type; a first cladding layer of first conduction type composed of (Al.sub.m Ga.sub.1-m).sub.n In.sub.1-n P (0.3.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.1 and 0.3.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.0.75) and formed on said single-crystal substrate; an active layer composed of (Al.sub.x Ga.sub.1-x).sub.y In.sub.1-y P (0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.5 and 0.3.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.75) and formed on said first cladding layer; a second cladding layer of second conduction type composed of (Al.sub.m Ga.sub.1-m).sub.n In.sub.1-n P (0.3.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.1 and 0.3.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.0.75) and formed on said active layer and having a ridge; and a current blocking layer composed of Al.sub.u Ga.sub.1-u As.sub.v P.sub.1-v, (0.ltoreq.u.ltoreq.1 and 0.ltoreq.v.ltoreq.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,4-butanedial monoacetal by reacting acrolein acetal with a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in the presence of a rhodium catalyst and an accelerator of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently, denote a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aryl group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- group, n is an integer of from 2 to 7, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each, independently, denote halogen or a trifluoromethyl group, and p and q are each, independently, an integer of from 0 to 3, which process can also be extended to the hydroformylation of other compounds which contain an olefin group in a terminal position.

Abstract: An aqueous agent comprising at least one arginine amide selected from the group consisting of (2R,4R)-4-methyl-1-[N.sup.2 -((RS)-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinesulfonyl)-L-arginyl]-2-piper idinecarboxylic acid, monohydrate thereof and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of cyclodextrin and caffeine; a method for improving the solubility of arginine amide in water, comprising adding at least one compound selected from the group consisting of cyclodextrin and caffeine; and a method for stabilizing arginine amide in water, comprising adding caffeine. According to the present invention, the solubility of arginine amide in water can be enhanced to, for example, a concentration permitting inhibition of fibrin formation at the time of entoptic operation. In addition, the stability of arginine amide in water can be enhanced with less irritation of the eye.

Abstract: The invention includes a Group III-V compound semiconductor that comprises (1) a thin crystal film of A.sub.1.sup.III As.sub.w P.sub.1-w, wherein A.sub.1.sup.III represents a Group III element with Al composition of less than 0.3, 0.5<w.ltoreq.1, formed on a semiconductor crystal substrate or on an epitaxial film grown on the substrate, a thin crystal film of B.sup.III As, wherein B.sup.III represents a Group III element with Al composition of not less than 0.45, formed on the A.sub.1.sup.III As.sub.w P.sub.1-w film, and a thin film of C.sub.1.sup.III As.sub.x P.sub.1-x, wherein C.sub.1.sup.III represents a Group III element with Al composition of less than 0.3, 0.ltoreq.x 0.5, formed on the B.sup.III As film; or (2) a thin film of A.sub.2.sup.III As.sub.u P.sub.1-u, wherein A.sub.2.sup.III represents a Group III element with In composition of not less than 0.3, 0.ltoreq.u.ltoreq.1, formed on a semiconductor crystal substrate or on an epitaxial film grown on the substrate, a thin crystal film of B.sup.

Abstract: A synthetic silica glass powder obtained by calcining a silica gel powder obtained by hydrolysis of a tetraalkoxysilane, said synthetic silica glass powder containing from 1.times.10.sup.-1 to 1.times.10.sup.-4 ppm of boron and having an internal silanol group concentration of at most 150 ppm and an isolated silanol group concentration of at most 5 ppm.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic transparent support, a magnetic layer, and a conductive intermediate layer formed between the non-magnetic transparent support and the magnetic layer, the conductive intermediate layer comprising, as major components, powder of conductive metal or metal compound and a binder resin, wherein:the binder resin of the intermediate layer contains from 10 to 200 .mu.eq/g of --SO.sub.3 M group, --COOM group, --PO.sub.3 M.sub.2 group, or --NH.sub.3.sup.+ X.sup.- group, where M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, or an alkaline earth metal atom, and X is a monovalent anion, andthe ratio of the content of the powder of the conductive metal or metal compound to that of the binder resin, based on weight, in the conductive intermediate layer is from 8 to 13, and a recording/reproducing method.

Abstract: Antiviral agents which comprises as active ingredients one or more 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosides or phosphoric esters thereof and 6-benzyl-1-ethoxymethyl-5-substituted uracil derivative of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is oxygen or sulfur atom; R.sup.1 is ethyl or isopropyl; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently hydrogen atom, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl or halogen atom, which compounds can inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase through different mechanisms and are synergistic in combination.

Abstract: A pitch-type carbon fiber made from a pitch having 1 a glass transition temperature width of at most 40.degree.C. as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter, 2 a proportion of the optically anisotropic phase of at least 10% by volume, and 3 a quinoline-insoluble content of at most 5% by weight, as a spinning raw material pitch.

Abstract: In a reaction for introducing chloromethyl groups into an aromatic crosslinked copolymer by reacting chloromethyl methyl ether to the aromatic crosslinked copolymer in the presence of a chloromethylation reaction catalyst, a method for recovering chloromethyl methyl ether from the reaction mixture, which comprises the following steps 1) a step of adding to the reaction mixture an aqueous acid solution which is capable of dissolving the chloromethylation reaction catalyst without decomposing chloromethyl methyl ether, and an extraction solvent which is inert to and miscible with chloromethyl methyl ether and which is capable of swelling the chloromethylated aromatic crosslinked copolymer, 2) a step of contacting hydrogen chloride gas to the reaction mixture and the extract solution from the step 1 to convert decomposition products of chloromethyl methyl ether, to chloromethyl methyl ether, 3) a step of separating the resulting mixture from the step 2 into an extraction solvent layer containing chloromethyl met

Abstract: A method for producing allyl alcohols, which comprises heat-treating diallyl ethers in the presence of a catalyst containing a palladium compound and a phosphorus compound to convert them to allyl alcohols, wherein the heat treatment is conducted under such conversion reaction conditions that the value of function F represented by the following formula is within a range of 0.ltoreq.F<100, the concentration of allyl alcohols in the conversion reaction solution is not higher than 20 wt %, and the Pd concentration in the conversion reaction solution is within a range of from 0.005 to 1.0 wt %:F=.theta.t.multidot.[Pd].multidot.(t-100wherein .theta.t is the conversion reaction time (hours), [Pd] is the Pd concentration (wt %) in the conversion reaction solution, and T is the conversion reaction temperature (.degree.C.

Abstract: A recording liquid comprising an aqueous medium and at least one selected from the compounds whose free acid form is represented by the formula {1}: ##STR1## wherein, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-9 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-9 alkoxy group, a halogen, hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a nitro group, a sulfonic ester group, a C.sub.1-9 alkyl- or C.sub.6-15 aryl-sulfonyl group, a COOH group or a carboxylic ester group;m is a number of 0, 1 or 2; andR.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently represent hydrogen, a C.sub.1-18 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-18 alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alicyclic group or a heterocyclic group, any of which groups except hydrogen may have a substituent.

Abstract: A method for producing an unsaturated alcohol having a chain structure formed by oligomerization of a conjugated alkadiene, which comprises reacting a conjugated alkadiene and water in the presence of carbon dioxide by means of a palladium compound and a phosphorus compound having at least one trivalent phosphorus-oxygen single bond, as catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a DNA fragment which contains a gene responsible for the function of autonomous replication of plasmid in a Coryneform bacterium, said gene being obtained from plasmid pBY503 held in Brevibacterium stationis, and in which at least one point mutation capable of increasing the copy number of plasmid exists on said gene region. By using a Coryneform transformed with the vector constructed using said DNA fragment and an industrially useful gene such as aspartase gene or tryptophan synthase gene, production of the useful product occurs with higher efficiency than conventional methods.

Abstract: The electrophotgraphic photoreceptor is composed of an electrically conductive substrate having formed thereon a photosensitive layer containing a phthalocyanine mixed crystal comprising titanyl phthalocyanine and hydrogen phthalocyanine, wherein the phthalocyanine mixed crystal has peaks at 6.8.degree., 7.4.degree., 15.0.degree., 24.7.degree., 26.2.degree., and 27.2.degree. of the Bragg angle (2 .theta..+-.0.2.degree.) in the X-ray diffraction spectrum and having a ratio of the peak intensity at 27.2.degree. to the peak intensity at 6.8.degree. of 1 or more. The electrophotographic photoreceptor can output the output signals as digital signals even when the input light is a digital light or an analog light and thus the electrophotographic photoreceptor can be used for an electrophotograph of a digital recording system and even when the photorecetor is used as a conventional photoreceptor for PPC (analog light input), high-quality images having sharp edges can be obtained.

Abstract: A method for operating a battery of coke ovens capable of accomplishing an increase in production and a decrease in the quantity of heat required for carbonization. The battery of cove ovens include a plurality of carbonization chambers to which a series of working numbers indicating the order of unit oven workings are assigned. An operation step is repeatedly practiced which includes a working step of carrying out the unit oven workings in the order of working numbers with respect to the carbonization chambers without providing a working interrupting time between the unit oven workings and an interruption step of interrupting the unit oven working until the the carbonization chamber of the coke oven which has been first subject to the unit oven working reaches a time at which discharge from the carbonization chamber is made possible.

Abstract: Naphthalene derivatives represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein the symbol ##STR2## --X-- represents --O-- or --S--, .dbd.Y-- represents .dbd.N-- or .dbd.CR.sup.5 --, R.sup.1, C.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represent hydrogen, halogen, alkyl and the like,R.sup.6 represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and the like,n represents an integer of 0 to 3, --- represents a single bond or a double bond, which are useful for reducing blood sugar and blood lipid levels are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst for polymerizing an .alpha.-olefin which is capable of producing an .alpha.-olefin polymer having a high molecular weight in a high yield under the polymerization conditions including at high temperature, and a process for preparing an .alpha.-olefin polymer, which catalyst comprises a Component (A) which comprises a coordination compound having a skeleton of a metallocene compound comprising an indenyl ring or a hydroindenyl ring which is an indenyl having a six-membered portion hydrogenated as a ligand and having Ti, Zr or Hf as a metal component in combination with a Component (B) which is, for example, an alumoxane. The coordination compound is crosslinked at the six-membered rings characterized by the fact that two of the indenyl or hydroindenyl groups are crosslinked at the six-membered ring of the indenyl or hydroindenyl group.

Abstract: A process for producing a vanadium-phosphorus oxide-containing catalyst precursor, which comprises (a) introducing into an organic solvent a vanadium alkoxide as a pentavalent vanadium compound and a phosphorus compound in the presence of a reducing agent capable of reducing the pentavalent vanadium compound to a tetravalent state, (b) hydrolyzing at least a part of the vanadium alkoxide before or after the introduction of the phosphorus compound, and (c) heating the vanadium-containing liquid medium obtained in step (b), in the presence of the phosphorus compound to reduce at least a part of vanadium to a tetravalent state.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adhesive resin composition comprising an ethylene polymer having a melting point of 70 to 132.degree. C., a density of 0.88 to 0.94% g/cm.sup.3 and a melt flow rate (MFR) of 0.05 to 50 g/10 min. and/or a modified product thereof with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivative (component A); a tackifier (component B); and a block copolymer containing at least one polymer block mainly composed of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and at least one polymer block mainly composed of a conjugated diene or a hydrogenated product thereof (component C). This composition is useful as an adhesives showing excellent adhesion over a wide temperature range as well as processability by film molding, sheet molding, blow molding, etc. It is available for laminates comprising various kinds of resins such as polyolefins, styrenic resins, polyesters, acrylic resins and polyamides.