Abstract: A photo-driven optical deflecting apparatus in which a light beam is deflected by using only light beam(s), comprising (a) a dielectric substrate having "photovoltaic effect"; (b) one or more first couples of electrodes formed in or on at least a portion of the surface(s) of said substrate so as to polarize the portion(s) positioned between said couple(s) of the electrodes formed thereby; (c) one or more photo-driving or photo-receiving elements provided at least in the polarized portion(s) of the surface of said dielectric substrate, having a polarization direction oriented in one direction, and having photovoltaic effect so as to generate a voltage between said electrodes; (d) a dielectric and transparent prism having "electrooptic effect" through which a light beam to be deflected is passed and deflected, provided on the surface of said substrate, having a second couple of electrodes provided on a couple of the surfaces of the prism, which surfaces are parallel to the optic axis; and a polarizer provided o

Abstract: A MgO/SiC composite material in which SiC particles with nano-meter order in size are dispersed within MgO matrix grains can be prepared by hot-pressing the mixture of fine MgO and SiC powders. Addition of SiC particles in the range of 5 volume percent to 50 volume percent to the MgO matrix increased remarkably the fracture strength and the hardness in a nanometer-order structure of the composite.

Abstract: There is provided a method of monitoring a firing condition in a cement kiln, by measuring an intensity of spectrum of a radiation which radiation is emitted from a clinker being fired in a cement kiln, and processing the intensity of the spectrum to produce a parameter for monitoring the condition in the kiln, by correcting the intensity profile of the spectrum by interpolating a profile (range) which is deformed by the absorption with alkali atom(s) in an atmosphere of the kiln. Further, the absorption intensity of the spectrum at a sodium absorption wavelength and potassium absorption wavelength should be continuously measured and corrected by interpolating so as to produce a parameter for monitoring.

Abstract: A pyroelectric ceramic composition structure composed of ceramic agglomerations assembled from a plurality of pyroelectric ceramic compositions to form a structure with a high pyroelectric constant, and a second transition temperature below its curie temperature. The composition is made up of a compound of the formula:PbZr.sub.x (Zn.sub.1/3 Nb.sub.2/3).sub.y Ti.sub.z O.sub.3wherein X+Y+Z=1, X=0.72-0.95; Y=0.1-Z and 0<Z.ltoreq.0.1 an additive and a glass phase which acts to sinter together the agglomerates.

Abstract: A photo-driven switching apparatus in which a light beam is switched or modulated by using only light beam(s), comprising (a) a dielectric substrate having "photovoltaic effect"; (b) one or more couples of electrodes formed in or on at least portions of the surface(s) of the substrate so as to polarize the portion(s) positioned between the couple(s) of the electrodes thereby, (c) one or more photo-driving or photo-receiving elements provided at least in the polarized portion(s) of the surface of the dielectric substrate, having a polarization direction arranged at one certain direction, and having photovoltaic effect so as to generate photovoltage; (d) a dielectric rotation element comprising a light beam switching passage or modulator having a couple of polarizers, the polarization direction of each of which is perpendicularly crossed or parallel to each other, positioned on the surface of incoming of a light beam to be modulated, and at the surface of outgoing of the light beam, and a couple of electrodes f

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic composition for multilayer ceramic capacitors is provided which consisting essentially of 94.70-99.39 mole % of barium titanate, 0.50-3.00 mole % of niobium pentoxide, 0.10-2.00 mole % of zinc oxide, and 0.01-0.30 mole % in terms of manganese dioxide.

Abstract: In a high pressure discharge lamp device provided with an inductive stabilizer and a starting circuit consisting of a serial circuit of a resistor and a bimetal switch, a pulse waveform conversion circuit is arranged therein to reduce the pulse peak of the starting voltage and also broaden the pulse width of the starting voltage. The pulse waveform conversion circuit comprises a serial circuit of a resistor and a switching element, such as micro-gap element, which operates at a voltage lower than the starting voltage of the discharge lamp but higher than the secondary load-free voltage of the stabilizer.

Abstract: A temperature compensating composition for ceramic dielectrics comprising La.sub.2 O.sub.3 --TiO.sub.2 --CaO--MgO based composite as a main component and ZrO.sub.2 as an additive respectively sintered. As the composition is very fine in grain size, it is a very suitable raw material for such a product as a layer-built capacitor which is used in a high electric field.

Abstract: A composition for ceramic dielectrics comprising BaO, CeO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CaO and TiO.sub.2 in sintered state. The composition can also contain at least one of MnO.sub.2, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, FeO, NiO, and CoO as additive. As the composition is very fine in grain size, and has a prolonged life, it is very suitable for a raw material of such a product as a layer-built capacitor which is used in high electric field.

Abstract: There is disclosed a ceramic capacitor comprising a polycrystalline ceramic dielectric material disposed between electrodes of conductive material with the polycrystalline ceramic dielectric material having a thickness not more than 30 .mu.m and a particle size not more than one fifth of the thickness of the dielectric material.

Abstract: A filler for filling in defects or hollow portions of bones to coalesce with the bone tissues is provided which comprises powders of a calcium phosphate compound having the apatite crystalline structure of each crystal grain size of from 50 .orgate. to 10 microns and represented by the following general formula of Ca.sub.m (PO.sub.4).sub.n OH (1.33.ltoreq.m/n.ltoreq.1.95); and said powders being adapted for filling in a fluidized or plasticized state. A method of treating a bone with the filler is also provided wherein at least a portion of said filler is filled in to reach the bone-marrow cavity of said bone.

Abstract: A method for sheet forming a remarkably waterproof gypsum hardened body, in which a main component consisting of gypsum dihydrate, slag and calcium hydroxide and additives are added with a part of the main component coated with a hydrophobic diorganopolysiloxane fluid having a kinetic viscosity of 10-10,000 CS at 25.degree. to be sheet formed and cured. The hydrophobic diorganopolysiloxane fluid is uniformly dispersed through the sheet formed gypsum hardened body and its strong water repelling property makes the gypsum hardened body remarkably waterproof to be used suitably as both interior and outdoor construction materials.

Abstract: A process for producing a fiber-reinforced hardened body comprising mixing gypsum and slag in a ratio by weight of the former to the latter between 3:7 and 7:3 to prepare a main starting material, adding to the main starting material 1 - 30% by weight of reinforcing fiber, 0.1 - 5% by weight of alkali salt substance and 0.1 - 5% by weight of aluminum sulfate-containing substance, the respective amounts being based on the weight of the main starting material, further adding water to knead and mold the resulting starting material mixture, and curing the molded starting material mixture under normal condition or steam-curing the molded starting material mixture at 90.degree. C. or below.

Abstract: A novel gap type surge absorber is disclosed. The surge absorber comprises a plurality of carbon thin films isolated from each others at short distances attached to the surface of an insulating body and one material selected from the group consisting of a metal, an alloy and a conductive adhesive as an electrode fixed to each of the plural carbon thin films. The surge absorber is an element based on a new mechanism that when a surge voltage reaches a prescribed value, a discharge is generated owing to emission of electrons between the carbon thin films and thereby a creeping discharge is initiated between the electrodes. The surge absorber has a small electrostatic capacity as well as a small discharge lag and is capable of cutting off a follow current.