Abstract: An alkenylsuccinic anhydride type paper sizing agent composition which causes little contamination of a paper machine and exhibits an excellent sizing effect is provided.The paper sizing agent composition contains addition reaction products obtained from an addition reaction between a straight-chain internal olefin comprising 16 to 20 carbon atoms and maleic anhydride, any unreacted olefin and maleic anhydride having been removed from said addition reaction products; said addition reaction products comprising as a main component alkenylsuccinic anhydride (1:1 adduct) represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein both of R and R' are alkyl groups or either one of R and R' is an alkyl group while the other is a hydrogen atom; and a 1:2 adduct (2 moles maleic anhydride per mole of olefin), and a decarbonated product of said 1:2 adduct in a total amount, based on said addition reaction products, of from about 7 to about 12 mol%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sizing agent which exerts excellent sizing efficiency even under severe conditions, namely, at an elevated temperature in the papermaking step, or at high conditions with a limited aluminum sulfate addition.The sizing agent for paper of the present invention is derived from i) dehydration condensation of an alkenylsuccinic anhydride and an organic carboxylic acid with a polyalkylene polyamine and ii) saponification of the remaining carboxyl groups with alkali following the dehydration condensation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a water-soluble sizing agent which is obtained by mixing an alkenylsuccinic anhydride with 1 to 20 times by molar equivalent, based on said alkenylsuccinic anhydride, as much as an organic carboxylic acid, adding 0.1 to 2.0 times by molar equivalent, based on said alkenylsuccinic anhydride, as much as a polyalkylene polyamine thereto so as to perform dehydration condensation.

Abstract: An emulsified alkenylsuccinic acid sizing agent having a solid content of not less than 25% by weight is disclosed, which comprises a composition having not less than 25 parts by weight of alkenylsuccinic acid derived from the reaction product of a branched internal olefin of 12-18 carbon atoms with maleic anhydride, and being dispersed in water with an anionic polymer type dispersant or with an anionic polymer type dispersant and an emulsifier.

Abstract: An improvement in an oil filter is provided, the oil filter being of the type which comprise a housing opened at one end thereof, a cylindrical first separator unit disposed in the housing for removing solid contaminants from the oil introduced into the housing, and a second separator unit disposed within the first separator unit for removing gaseous contaminants from the oil that has passed through the first separator unit, the second separator unit including a funnel-shaped cyclone defining a chamber arranged to generate a vortical flow of the oil introduced therein to thereby separate gas-rich oil and a removal pipe extending into the chamber along an axial center thereof for discharging the gas-rich oil. The improvement comprises a wall of the cyclone defining the chamber having a lower portion and an upper portion, and a plurality of pores formed in the lower portion for allowing the oil to flow out of the cyclone.

Abstract: A gas removable pump for liquid comprising a housing having an inlet for introducing the liquid thereinto and an outlet for feeding the liquid therefrom, a drive shaft extending into the housing and having formed therein an axial bore, a rotary pump disposed within the housing, and a discharging chamber defined within the housing and separated from the rotary pump in a liquid-tight manner. The rotary pump includes a rotor secured to the drive shaft for co-rotation therewith and a plurality of cells for feeding the liquid, each cell constituting a separator for gas-rich liquid upon rotation of the rotor. A stationary shaft extends in the axial bore between the rotary pump and the discharging chamber. A connecting arrangement is provided in the drive shaft and stationary shaft for selectively connecting each cell with the discharging chamber. Also provided is an injector for ejecting into the discharging chamber the gas-rich liquid separated in the cells through the connecting arrangement.

Abstract: A gas removable pump for liquid comprising a housing having an inlet for introducing the liquid thereinto and an outlet for feeding the liquid therefrom, a drive shaft extending into the housing and a rotary pump disposed within the housing, the rotary pump including a rotor secured to the drive shaft for co-rotation therewith and a plurality of cells for feeding the liquid, each cell constituting a separator for gas-rich liquid upon rotation of the rotor. An ejector is provided for ejecting the gas-rich liquid separated in each cell through a passage formed in the drive shaft and the rotor. Also provided is a valve in the passage for opening and closing the same, the valve being arranged to operate in response to a pressure in the cell. The gas rich liquid gathers at inner portion of the cell due to a centrifugal force and is discharged by means of the ejector through the passage when the valve is in an open position.

Abstract: A process for separating 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene form a 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene-containing mixture which comprises mixing said mixture with 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone to thereby form a complex, separating a solid matter containing said complex and decomposing the solid matter containing the same to thereby separate and collect an oil rich in the 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene. According to this process, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene can be readily separated at a high selectivity. Further, the 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone can be readily recovered and reused as such.

Abstract: A gas removable pump for liquid comprising a housing having an inlet for introducing a liquid thereinto and an outlet for feeding the liquid therefrom, a drive shaft extending into the housing, a pump disposed within said housing and secured to the shaft for co-rotatin therewith, the pump dividing in a liquid-tight manner the interior space of the housing into a suction side and a delivery side. A chamber is confined around the shaft within at least one of the suction side and the delivery side of the housing and is arranged to generate a vortical flow of the liquid introduced therein to thereby separate gas-rich liquid which gathers in an axially central portion of the chamber. A collecting space for collecting the liquid containing little gaseous contaminants is provided in at least one of the suction side and the delivery side radially outward of the chamber.

Abstract: A lubricating oil is disclosed, which mainly is composed of a naphthenic hydrocarbon having 19 carbon atoms comprising two cyclohexane rings which have methyl-substitution at the 1, 2 and 4 positions thereof, the two cyclohexane rings being linked by a methylene group.

Abstract: A method and apparatus measures the gas bubble content of a flowing fluid on a continuous basis without extracting a sample of the fluid. A flowing fluid flows into a density sensor via a temperature and pressure sensor where the temperature, pressure and density of the fluid are determined. As the fluid exits the density sensor, a second pressure sensor determines the pressure of the exiting fluid. The outputs of the sensors are amplified and then input into a data processor. An operating panel supplies required constant data regarding the fluid and gas. The data processor calculates the gas bubble content using the above information in accordance with a predetermined formula.

Abstract: A compact and efficient separator for removing both entrained bubbles and dissolved gases from fluid. Fluid containing gases is introduced tangentially into a vortex flow chamber which is disposed at the suction-side of a pump. The fluid, which is stripped of gaseous contaminants, flows out of the vortex flow chamber while gas-rich fluid collected near center of the chamber passes into a gas removal pipe which is communicated to a suction device.

Abstract: An oil filter comprising a housing opened at one end, a first separator unit in the housing for removing solid contaminants from the oil and a second separator unit for removing gaseous contaminants. The first separator unit includes a cylindrical filter element and upper and lower end plates attached to the upper and lower ends of the filter element. The second separator unit is disposed in the space defined by the inner periphery of the filter element and between the upper and lower end plates. It includes a chamber arranged to generate a vortical flow of the oil introduced thereof to thereby separate gas-rich oil which gathers in an axially central portion of the chamber, a first outlet for discharging the gas-rich oil and a second outlet for the oil containing little gaseous contaminants, the first and second outlets extending into the housing from the open end thereof.

Abstract: An oil filter comprising a housing opened at one end, a first separator unit in the housing for removing solid contaminants from the oil, a mount block for the housing and a second separator unit for removing gaseous contaminants. The first separator unit comprises a cylindrical filter element defining a central space therein, and the mount block is formed with a recess in which the second separator unit is disposed. The second separator unit includes a chamber arranged to generate a vortical flow in the oil introduced therein to thereby separate gas-rich oil which gathers in an axially central portion of the chamber, means for introducing the oil from the central space to the chamber, a first outlet member for leading the oil containing little gaseous contaminants and a second outlet member for discharging the gas-rich oil.

Abstract: A process for separating 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene from a 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene-containing mixture which comprises mixing said mixture with a complexing agent selected from the group consisting of bis(1,2,5)thiaziazolotetracyanoquinodimethane, (1,2,5)selenadiazotetrocyanonaphthoquinodimethane, (1,2,5)thiaziazolotetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane, 2,6-dichlorotetracyanoanthraquinodimethene, and 2,6-diiodotetracyanoanthraquinodimethane to thereby form a complex, separating a solid matter containing said complex; and decomposing the solid matter containing the same to thereby separate and collect an oil rich in the 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene. According to this process, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene can be readily separated at a high selectivity. Further the complexing agent can be readily recovered and reused as such.

Abstract: An integrated and compact separator for removing both solid and gaseous contaminants from engine oil. Oil to be cleaned is introduced tangentially into a vortex flow chamber. Oil stripped of gaseous contaminant passes through pores in the outer wall of the vortex flow chamber into a filter system, while gas-rich oil collected near the center of the chamber passes into a gas removal pipe extending in the chamber at its axial center. After solid contaminant is removed by the filter system, the oil is returned to the engine parts to be lubricated.

Abstract: An integrated and compact separator for removing both solid and gaseous contaminants from fluid. Fluid to be cleaned is introduced tangentially into a vortex flow chamber before or after filtration of the fluid. The fluid stripped of gaseous contaminants passes through pores in the outer wall of the vortex flow chamber while gas-rich fluid collected near the center of the chamber passes into a gas removal pipe extending in the chamber at its axial center. After solid and gaseous contaminants are removed by the separator, the fluid flows out of the separator.

Abstract: A novel optically anisotropic pitch is provided which is produced by thermal modification of a polymer having a structure of an alkylbenzene and a condensed aromatic compound with two to four fused rings bonded to each other via a methylene group.In preferred embodiments, the optical anisotropy is 80% or more. As the alkylbenzene there may be used xylene, trimethylbenzene or tetramethylbenzene. As the condensed aromatic compound with two to four fused rings, there may be used naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, or naphthacene. The polymer starting material may be obtained by the reaction of a xylene formalin resin, mesitylene formalin resin or alkylbenzene and a condensed aromatic compound with two to four fused rings in the presence of a protonic acid as a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing an optically anisotropic pitch for use in the production of high performance carbon fibers, wherein a compound represented by the formula (1) as a raw starting material is mixed with one of heavy oils and subjected to thermal modification: ##STR1## wherein m is an integer of 2 or more; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 each represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group; and R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. The pitch has a softening point which can be set at discretion and excellent molecular orientation.

Abstract: A sizing agent for paper making is described, comprising (A) a reaction product obtained by an addition reaction of an olefin having 14 to 20 carbon atoms or a mixture thereof with maleic anhydride and (B) one or more emulsifiers selected from polyoxyalkylene aralkylaryl ether phosphoric acid esters or salts thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a graphite fiber is disclosed, which is characterized by using, as a starting material, an optically anisotropic pitch prepared from a compound having a specific chemical structure as represented by formula (I) shown in the specification. The resulting graphite fiber shows a highly developed graphite structure and has excellent electrical conductivity.