Abstract: Disclosed herein are medical devices, such as stents, comprising a porous substrate, such as a porous ceramic. Also disclosed herein are methods for impregnating the porous substrate with a composition comprising at least one lipid and at least one pharmaceutically active agent, where the porous substrate is microporous and/or nanoporous.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are medical devices, such as stents, coated with calcium phosphate and processes for making the same. The stent can comprise a cobalt chromium alloy that has been treated to improve surface adhesion to the calcium phosphate and/or improve surface finish properties. A pharmaceutically active agent can be present in the calcium phosphate coating.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are electrolyte solutions and methods for electrolytic co-deposition of calcium phosphate and drug composites. The electrolyte solution may be formed by mixing solutions comprising calcium and phosphate precursors together to form an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution can have a water content less than 30 weight percent. The electrolyte solution may comprise a water-soluble non-aqueous solvent. A therapeutic agent, such as water-insoluble drug, is also present in the solution. The electrolyte solution thus formed may be used to co-deposit a calcium phosphate coating and the therapeutic agent on a substrate.

Abstract: This application relates to a composition comprising a mixture of different organic solvents formulated for controlled drug release. The release profile of the drug can be regulated by adjusting the compositional ratios of the solvents. In one embodiment of the invention a first solvent is water-soluble and a second solvent is water-insoluble. The first and second solvents are miscible and together form a solution containing the drug. The hydrophobicity of the composition can be adjusted by altering the relative amount of the second solvent. The composition also includes a solid lipid dissolved in the drug-containing solution. In aqueous environments the lipid may precipitate to form a thin membrane in an outer surface portion of the composition, thereby further regulating the release of the drug. The membrane is preferably renewable. That is, as the outermost portion of the lipid is biodegraded at a target location in vivo, additional outer portions of the lipid precipitate to renew the thin membrane.

Abstract: This application relates to a method of modifying the surface of a metal substrate to improve the surface coverage of a coating applied to the substrate. The method comprises heating at least the surface of the substrate to a temperature within the range of approximately 175-400° C.; and applying at least one layer of the coating to the substrate. In one particular embodiment the substrate is heated to a temperature within the range of 200-350° C. The low temperature heating enhances the hydrophilicity of the metal substrate while avoiding the disadvantages of high temperature thermal oxidation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are medical devices, such as stents, comprising a porous substrate, and a composition coating and/or impregnating the porous substrate where the composition comprises a bioresorbable carrier (e.g., at least one lipid) and at least one pharmaceutically active agent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are medical devices, such as implantable medical devices (e.g., stents), comprising at least one coating covering at least a portion of the device comprising dry film. The dry film comprises at least one lipid bilayer and at least one pharmaceutically effective agent. Upon exposure to an aqueous fluid, liposomes are released comprising lipids from the dry film encapsulating the pharmaceutically effective agent. The film can contact the device directly or can be coated on a substrate, such as a ceramic.

Abstract: This application relates to a microdevice for delivering drugs to a target location. The microdevice comprises a plurality of nanocapsules assembled together, each having an outer hydrophobic shell and an inner liquid core contained within the shell. At least one drug is dissolved within the inner liquid core. The liquid core comprises a mixture of solvents including at least one solvent for maintaining the hydrophilicity of the inner core (and hence the phase difference between the polymeric shell and the liquid core) and at least one second solvent for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of the drug. For example, the second solvent may be selected to enable a hydrophobic drug to dissolve within the hydrophilic inner core environment. The inner core may also include a small amount of water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: This application relates to a thin foam coating comprising discrete, closed-cell capsules. The coating may be applied to an implantable medical device, such as a stent. The closed-cell capsules each having an outer polymeric shell and an inner liquid core containing the drug. The polymeric shells degrade in vivo to achieve controlled elution of the drug.

Abstract: This application relates to a multi-layer drug delivery device and a method of manufacture. The device comprises a substrate; at least one first layer on the substrate containing the drug and a first solvent; and at least one second layer applied to the first layer to regulate release of the drug from the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises a polymer. The first solvent substantially prevents direct contact between the drug and the polymer. When applied to the first layer, the polymer is preferably dissolved in a second solvent which is immiscible with the first solvent to substantially prevent inter-diffusion between the first and second layers. In one application the substrate is a medical device, such as an implantable stent, having a biocompatible outer surface. The second layer is preferably biodegradable, bioabsorbable and/or bioresolvable in vivo to permit gradual exposure of the first layer and elution of the drug therefrom.