Abstract: A method of preparing concealed information with a technique which does not substantially include mathematical control. Concealing processing information is produced by preparing information to be processed, diffusing the information to be processed with a spectrum pattern, and subjecting the spectrum spread information to be processed to phase modulation. The diffusion is performed by finding an EXOR of the information to be processed and the spread spectrum pattern.
Abstract: Washing items are washed simultaneously with softening washing water comprising alkali metal ion and at least one of carbonate ion and bicarbonate ion. The washing water before being softened is obtained by electrolyzing an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate having a pH of 9.5 or more and an electric conductivity of 150 mS/m or more. The softened washing water has a total hardness of 40 ppm or less.