Abstract: A formulation and process to produce a pet food or treat that has been reshaped to various sizes and shapes such as strips, pellets, sheets, etc., from the addition of a number of raw ingredients which were mixed and heated and fused together to form a continuous matrix which remains flexible and non-brittle at low moistures of 20-40%, water activity of 0.30-0.65, and having a low glass transition compound as the major adhesive component of the matrix, thus being stable at minimum or no packaging atmosphere at room temperature is herein described. The process is carried out in a twin-screw, self-wiping, corotating and intermeshing extruder.

Abstract: A process for enrichment of animal food with fat is described wherein air cell bubbles are introduced to a highly dense product in the extrusion system by the utilization of carbonation technology into the oils and fats with various functional and textural properties. It includes the use of low to highly charged oils and fats with various gases under pressure injected into the extrusion stream within the extruder under lower pressure to assist in the expansion of the extrudate once it leaves the die nozzle.