Abstract: An air circulating structure includes a housing having first, second and third sidewalls. The second and third sidewalls are positioned in a receiving space defined by the first sidewall and the second sidewall is positioned between the first and third sidewalls. The first sidewall has an opening and bending portions are formed at ends of the first sidewall and bending inward. Further, guiding elements are disposed on sides of the second sidewall facing the receiving space and positioned between the third sidewall and the bending portions. As such, air ducts are formed between the second sidewall and the first sidewall, the third sidewall, the guiding elements, the bending portions, respectively, and air vents are formed in junctions of the guiding elements with the bending portions and the third sidewall, thereby forming circulating air in the air ducts and vents to effectively improve the temperature regulating efficiency of an air-conditioning device.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop (PLL) with novel phase detection mechanism is provided, including a phase frequency detector (PFD), a controller, a digital-to-analog (D2A) module, and a voltage-controlled oscillator/current-controlled oscillator (VCO/ICO), wherein PFD has a reference signal input and an input from the output signal of the VCO/ICO and is connected to the controller, the controller is then further connected to the D2A module, the D2A module converts the control signal from the controller into an analog voltage to control the frequency and phase of VCO/ICO. It is worth noting that the PFD of the present invention has a novel phase detection mechanism so that the phase detection can be accomplished by observing signal level transitions of the reference signal input and a delayed reference signal with respect to the output signal of the VCO/ICO without edge alignment. In addition, the novel phase detection mechanism also allows flexible reference signal input.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling flash memory is provided for a flash memory controller to use a control interface to read the state register of at least a flash memory with received data for operation to detect whether the flash memory has already finished the operation on the received data without using an RB signal, and when the operation on the received data is to read, the controller can execute the state data switch so that the IO of flash memory can output correct flash memory data for read, or when the operation on the received data is to write, the controller can execute another data operation to save time and accelerate the data operation speed of the flash memory.

Abstract: A method for protecting memory proprietary command is provided. By using the logic block area (LBA) address in the header of the LBA mode, the device end can determine whether the data sector in the LBA mode includes a proprietary command. Also, by using the pre-defined computation function to establish a relation among the values stored in a plurality of characteristic point addresses and a specific point address so that he device end can determine whether a proprietary command is received. As the operating system will not filter out the proprietary command wrapped in this manner, the proprietary command can pass the operating system and be executed by the device end.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating multi-phase clock signals with a ring oscillator is provided, including a first stage phase-blender module and a second stage phase-blender module. The first stage phase-blender module further includes a plurality of differential OP phase-blender circuits. Each differential blender circuit has two signal inputs, and an output signal whose phase is an interpolation of the two input signals. The second stage phase blender module includes a plurality of inverter phase-blender circuits. Each inverter phase-blender circuit receives two output signals from the first stage phase-blender module as inputs, and outputs a clock signal with the interpolated phase of the two output signals of the first stage phase-blender module.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for automatically switching between USB host and device is provided. In a device with a USB interface, the present invention automatically switches between a USB host and USB device by detecting the handshake protocol of the D+ and D? pins of the USB interface. The apparatus for automatically switching between USB host and device includes ah host mode element, a device mode element, a random auto-switcher, and a detection element. The random auto-switcher switches the connection to the host mode element or the device mode element at random time. The detection element monitors the handshake protocol of the D+ and D? pins of USB interface and the external USB-interface device to determine whether the host mode or the device mode is in use. When the present invention detects the external USB-interfaced device is a host, the present invention switches to become a USB device.