Abstract: Systems, methods and computer program products for analyzing stochastic characteristics, including one or more subsystem for forecasting financial statements and financial ratios' probability distributions and configured for at least one of: analyzing insurance contracts and portfolios without simplifying contract and product terms and conditions; studying and illustrating financial statement probability distributions; analyzing insurance portfolios by creating net asset value distributions thereof without deterministic assumptions; modeling to support asset and liability management, wherein both assets and liabilities are simulated simultaneously and decisions are based on joint probability distributions thereof; and modeling to study effects of model specification changes by implementing new model definitions and by rerunning the model with constant random number generator seed.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer program products for analyzing stochastic characteristics, including one or more subsystem for forecasting financial statements and financial ratios' probability distributions and configured for at least one of: analyzing insurance contracts and portfolios without simplifying contract and product terms and conditions; studying and illustrating financial statement probability distributions; analyzing insurance portfolios by creating net asset value distributions thereof without deterministic assumptions; modeling to support asset and liability management, wherein both assets and liabilities are simulated simultaneously and decisions are based on joint probability distributions thereof; and modeling to study effects of model specification changes by implementing new model definitions and by rerunning the model with constant random number generator seed.

Abstract: An improved segmented anode plasma generator apparatus and method. A combustion mixture of a hydrocarbon and air is injected into the plasma chamber along the direction of the plasma vortex, causing the plasma arc attachment to the anode to be in the diffusion attachment mode, where the plasma arc attaches to the anode surface over a large area, thereby substantially reducing the anode erosion rate. An innovative design of the exit nozzle then reduces the rotational component of the plasma's exit velocity to maximize the axial component of the velocity. By modulating the plasma arc current with very sharp plasma arc current pulses at a frequency related to the dwell time of the spray particles in the plasma, multiple sequential plasma shock waves which disintegrate the spray particles and accelerate them toward the target substrate.