Abstract: There is disclosed a method for sampling and examining a fluid from a tank or flow line to determine density or turbidity, including a sampling chamber attached to the tank or line with a piston in a chamber. The piston is provided with a sealing ring which circumscribes one end of the piston and which provides a fluid-tight seal within the chamber so that moving the piston away from the tank or line pulls a sample into the chamber. The sealing ring comprises a main body portion which circumscribes the piston and is in contact therewith but which is not in sealing engagement with the chamber. Extending outwardly from the main body portion of the sealing ring and integral therewith is a frusto-conical skirt. The outermost edge of the frusto-conical skirt is in sealing contact with the cylinder. A light source is provided to transmit light into the sample and a photodetector is provided to detect light from the interior of the chamber.

Abstract: An optical concentration measuring apparatus and method which provides an output signal which is a substantially linear function of the concentration. The apparatus includes a chamber for containing a fluid sample and a source of optical radiation which develops a beam which is transmitted through the chamber and the sample. A first photoelectric cell is disposed to receive the transmitted beam for generating an electrical signal commensurate with the intensity of the beam after passage through the chamber and the fluid sample, and a second photoelectric cell which is disposed at a selected angle with respect to the direct beam for providing an electrical signal commensurate with the light scattered in a direction corresponding to the selected signal. The signal commensurate with the scattered beam and the signal commensurate with the direct beam are applied to a signal processor which develops a ratio of these signals, one of the signals being multiplied by a constant.

Abstract: An apparatus for the measurement of particulate scattering in fluids which is particularly suitable for low particulate concentration. The apparatus includes a housing with a cuvette for confining the fluid containing the particulate to be measured placed substantially at the center of the housing. A collimated light source provides a beam directed along an axis for illuminating the contents of the cuvette, and a light sensitive detector for receiving light scattered due to particulates along a selected axis. Surrounding the detector are a pair of equidistantly spaced baffles, of cylindrical or spherical configuration, which have a pair of aligned apertures centered about the scattering axis, and nonreflective facing surfaces.

Abstract: An electromagnetic fluid flow meter includes a probe or spool type transducer whose output is coupled through a preamplifier to a sampling switch. The output of the sampling switch is processed by a signal processing amplifier and then coupled through a phase sensitive demodulator to utilization circuits. To reduce the effect of spurious signals, a storage device is connected at the output of the phase sensor demodulator, such as a capacitor. The effect of the spurious voltages is eliminated by first detecting the presence of a spurious voltage or occurrence of an event capable of producing a spurious voltage and then disabling the phase sensitive demodulator so that the signal previously applied to the utilization circuits, which is also stored on the storage device, is maintained during the presence of the spurious voltages. In one form of the invention in which the electromagnetic flow meter is of the spool type, spurious voltages may be induced by triboelectric effects.

Abstract: A probe type magnetic flow meter is arranged for accurate measurement in environments which exhibit debris especially debris which is of a character which may tend to cling to the probe. The probe, which has a longitudinal axis, is mounted to be immersed in the flowing liquid medium, and is constrained by a coupling so that the angle between the longitudinal axis and a direction perpendicular to direction of flow of the flowing medium is an acute angle of at least a predetermined magnitude, for example, at least 45.degree.. Typically, the probe may be attached to a mounting collar or rod which is, in turn, supported by an adapter which may then be slip-fit into a pipe and some or all of these components, in addition to the probe itself, may be immersed in the flowing liquid medium.

Abstract: An electromagnetic flow transducer capable of mounting onto any selected point of a continuous cable without requiring the cable to be cut. The flow transducer has a housing, which surrounds the cable, having an appropriate hydrodynamic shape to minimize the disturbance to the flow sought to be measured. The housing also includes magnetic field producing means therein as well as a plurality of sensing electrodes mounted on, or extending slightly beyond, the surface of the housing. The cable onto which the transducer is mounted may perform the function of supporting the transducer, and any other transducers mounted below it, as well as transmitting signals to surface mounted apparatus or power therefrom to one or more of the transducers. In the alternative, the cable may only perform the function of transmitting signals to surface mounted apparatus and/or power therefrom, or it may be employed solely to support the transducer as well as any other transducers mounted below it.