Abstract: A receiver (100), transmitter (200) and transceiver (400) in accordance with the present invention overcome the disadvantages of applying adaptive antenna array technology to multi-channel communication systems. Multi-channel radio frequency (RF) signals received via an adaptive antenna array (102) are converted from an analog form to a digital form prior to splitting and processing to recover communication channels contained therein. A number of digital communication signals are digitally combined into a multi-channel digital signal and converted from the digital form to an analog radio frequency form prior to transmission from the adaptive antenna array.

Abstract: A telephone apparatus (100) includes a base (102) and a handset (104) configurable in a desktop mode and a wall mount mode. Spring loaded detents (132, 134) in the base (102) engage recesses in the handset (104) in wall mount mode to securely retain the handset (104) in a pocket (101) in the base. The base includes a switchable detent mechanism (170) for retracting the detents (132, 134) in response to an actuator (150) when the base (102) is switched from wall mount mode to desktop mode. Thus, the detents (132, 134) do not interfere with the handset (104) when the handset (104) is placed in or withdrawn from the pocket (101).

Abstract: A cache TAG RAM (20) has a TAG array (22, 24) for storing TAG addresses of data stored in a cache memory, and a valid bit array (26, 31). In the cache TAG RAM (20), a valid bit is set for each TAG address to indicate if the TAG address is valid. The valid bit array (26, 31) is located separate from the TAG array (22, 24). During power-up of the cache TAG RAM (20), a multiple step invalidation cycle is used to sequentially invalidate groups of columns of the valid bit array (26, 31). The multiple step invalidation cycle reduces the peak current during an invalidation cycle, thus reducing metal migration.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device (10) includes first and second electrode assemblies fabricated on a transparent substrates (12). Disposed between the electrode assemblies are one or more layers of organic electroluminescent light emitting materials (20). The organic electroluminescent light emitting material is preferably characterized by an emitted light having a wavelength of between 4000 .ANG. and 6000 .ANG.. This light emitting material may be comprised of a mixture of a first host emitting material and a second host emitting material, and may further include a dopant so as to improve the emission efficiency of the light emitting material as well as to adjust the emission characteristic to a desired specification.

Abstract: An integrated electro-optical package (50) including a first light emitting device (LED) display chip (28) and at least one additional LED display chip (30), each composed of an optically transparent substrate (10) with an array (15) of LEDs (12) formed thereon and cooperating to generate a complete image. The LEDs (12) of the first LED display chip (28) are constructed to emit light of a wavelength different than the light emitted by the additional LED display chip(s) (30), thereby creating a different color menu or object bar (156) within the view (150) generated. A mounting substrate (25), having connection pads (32), bump bonded to the pads on the optically transparent substrate (10). A driver substrate (55) having connections to the pads (32) on the mounting substrate (25). A plurality of driver and control circuits (57) connected to the LED display chips (28) and (30) through electrodes on the driver substrate (55).

Abstract: A circuit (103) for charging a battery (101) is connected to an input (126) for inputting a signal indicative of a temperature of the battery. A switch (108) selectively supplies power to the battery under the control of a control signal. A microcontroller (140) calculates a rate of change of the temperature signal and stores a peak rate of change during a battery charging interval. The microcontroller is operable to control the switch to disable charging of the battery when the temperature rate of change drops below the peak value by a rate of change threshold amount.

Abstract: A multi-layer magnetic memory cell is provided, with magnetic end vectors adjacent the ends of the cell pinned in a fixed direction. To pin the magnetic end vectors, a magnetic field is applied to an end of at least one of the layers of magnetic material in the cell to move the magnetic end vectors in the magnetic material at the end of the cell into a fixed direction. Pinning material is then disposed adjacent to the end to maintain the magnetic end vectors in the magnetic material at the end of the cell in the fixed direction.

Abstract: A method for amplitude training for a power amplifier is described employing adaptively changing an input training signal of a feedback circuit.

Abstract: Improved methods for selecting memory cells in magnetic random access memory (MRAM) are provided. Whenever a state in a memory cell is sensed, a MRAM requires to adjust an output of comparator to a zero voltage (auto-zeroing step) before the content of memory cell is detected. This invention sequentially accesses memory cells 29-30 once sense line 25 is selected and auto-zeroed. Accordingly, a higher speed operation is attained because the invention does not require an auto-zeroing step every sensing a memory cell.

Abstract: A counter (200) generates signals which have an average period of a non-integer multiple of an input clock period. Through the use of this non-integer multiple period, non-integer division operations are executed and used in circuits such as pulse width modulators (800) and phase lock loops (900). Additionally, when the counter (200') is used with a Gray coded counter, the average duty cycle of all bits is exactly equal to 50%.

Abstract: The PTT assembly (100) self locates and then locks a back support plate (106) and switches (146, 148) directly to an inner surface (134) of a housing wall (132). On the outer surface (136) of the housing wall (132), keypad plungers (116) self locate through holes (140) in the housing wall. The perimeter of the keypad itself is retained by a bezel (110) that snaps into the housing (132). A hook (130) extends from the bezel (110) to lock and fix the travel distance of the plungers (116) to the switches (146, 148). With the back support plate (106) firmly in place, the keypad actuation force remains consistent since the travel distance of the plungers (116) to the switches (146, 148) is fixed by the hook (130) length. Additionally, the back support plate (106) supports the switches without bowing under the applied plunger force further ensuring a consistent actuation force.

Abstract: A system rapidly dynamic values (B) on a bus (12) to a programmable but thereafter fixed reference value (C). The system includes first leads (33) coupled to a comparison means (35), second leads (13) coupled to the bus (12) and third leads (34, 36) coupled to sources of potential (GND, VCC) related to logical HIGH and LOW of the fixed reference value (C). The leads (33, 13, 34, 36) are coupled in one or more programmable connection cell (32). Connections (471) or disconnections (461) are made between the leads (33, 13, 34, 36) so that the dynamic values (B) and the appropriate logical HIGH and logical LOW values are presented to the correct inputs of the comparison means (35). The programmable connections cells (32) invert the reference value (C) to (C) for coupling to the comparator (35). The system replaces a level of conventional decode logic (16) by the programmable interconnections (47), thereby reducing delay time, using fewer devices and occupying less circuit area.

Abstract: A communication system (100) employs a method for providing communications to a communication device (e.g., 120) located in the communication system. The communication device (120) transmits a registration message to a system controller (101) via a first base site (104). The system controller then affiliates the communication device with the first base site and a location area (150) that includes a service coverage area (134) of the first base site. When the system controller receives a communication (e.g., a packet data communication) for the communication device, the system controller determines whether the communication was received within a predetermined period of time after a previous communication involving the communication device.

Abstract: A method of biasing a semiconductor laser to a threshold level including the step of providing a semiconductor laser, monitoring spontaneous emissions of the semiconductor laser, identifying a point at which the spontaneous emissions clamp, and employing feedback to maintain a threshold level, driven by the identification of the point at which the spontaneous emissions clamp.

Abstract: A communications device (20) that is responsive to voice commands is provided. The communications device (20) can be a two-way radio, cellular telephone, PDA, or pager. The communications device (20) includes an interface (22) for allowing a user to access a communications channel according a control signal and a speech-recognition system (24) for producing the control signal in response to a voice command. Included in the speech recognition system (24) are a feature extractor (26) and one or more classifiers (28) utilizing polynomial discriminant functions.

Abstract: An audio ramping technique (200) reduces acoustic shock in radio (100) that has multiple operating modes each having a different nominal audio speaker level. The ramping technique (200) sets the audio speaker level to the same initial sound pressure level (SPL) (208) regardless of the mode of radio operation and then ramps the audio level (216) until either a user initiated control signal (212) is received or the audio level reaches a maximum threshold level (210).

Abstract: In a method for controlling an electric motor the stator voltage frequency of the motor is determined by adding the optimal slip frequency of the motor and the desired rotational frequency of the rotor. The magnitude of the stator voltage is determined by subtracting the actual rotational frequency and the desired rotational frequency of the rotor. The desired stator frequency and magnitude are inputted into a pulse width modulation unit which controls an inverter to supply the appropriate voltages to the motor. The operation of the motor with optimal slip has the advantage that the efficiency is optimal independent of the load.

Abstract: A field effect transistor (10) for chemical sensing by measuring a change in a surface potential of a gate electrode (48) due to exposure to a fluid has a semiconductor substrate (12) with a trench (18, 20). The trench has a first sidewall (30) and a second sidewall (32) disposed opposite the first sidewall to provide a fluid gap (50) for the fluid to be sensed. The gate electrode is disposed overlying the first sidewall of the trench, and a source region (54) and a drain region (56) are disposed in the second sidewall of the trench. A channel region (52) is disposed between the source and drain regions, and the gate electrode is disposed opposite the first channel region across the fluid gap. A heater (26) for regulating the temperature of the gate electrode is disposed in the first sidewall of the trench.

Abstract: A transformer circuit (10) for a piezoelectric transformer (12) having dual inputs which can piezoelectrically interfere with one another to provide adjustable output gain. The transformer circuit (10) provides two pulse-position-modulated input signals (18, 20) which are substantially identical waveforms, but being phase shifted from one another. When the signals (18, 20) constructively interfere maximum gain is achieved. When the two signals (18, 20) destructively interfere minimum gain is achieved. The waveforms may be of any arbitrary type including square, sine, triangle, sawtooth or irregular. Both input signals (18, 20) are at a resonant frequency of the piezoelectric transformer (12) and have a fifty percent duty cycle so as to always provide highest efficiency within the transformer (12).