Abstract: A projection system for a computer has an electronic slide (94) that is coupled to an electronic image signal (84) from a processor (82) in the computer (50). Projection optics (102) focus an optical image from the electronic slide (94) onto a screen (58).

Abstract: A self-tuning VCO (116) receives a control voltage input (Vcont) (114) and an adjustable programmable voltage (Vadj) (122) and provides optimized locked conditions even under variations in temperature. A radio temperature is measured and stored (204) while Vadj (122) is initialized and stepped and Vcont (114) attempts to lock the VCO on frequency. Once a locked condition is achieved, the Vcont (114) is monitored to determine if it falls within a predetermined voltage range. If a non-optimized condition is detected, then the Vadj (122) is automatically adjusted until the VCO (116) becomes locked with a Vcont which falls within the predetermined voltage range. When a locked condition is achieved, the radio temperature is monitored and compared (212) to the original stored temperature (204). If a temperature threshold limit is reached (216) then the VCO is re-checks itself for a locked condition and re-optimizes itself to accommodate for the variations in temperature.

Abstract: A mass excited acoustic device (1100) includes a soundboard (1102), a pedestal (1104) and a transducer (300). The soundboard (1102) has a predetermined resonance frequency and couples motional energy to a device user. The pedestal (1104) includes a platform (1106) formed for mounting a transducer (300), and a foot (1108). The platform (1106) and foot have an axis extending centrally therethrough. The foot (1108) is contiguous to the platform (1106) and to the soundboard (1102), and is substantially smaller in size than the platform (1106) and separates the platform (1106) from the soundboard (1102). The transducer (300) is coupled to the platform (1106) about the axis and converts an electrical input signal into motional energy generated in a direction parallel to the axis. The motional energy is delivered to the soundboard (1102) through the foot (1108) without substantially modifying the resonance frequency of the soundboard (1102).

Abstract: A method (50) for designing a semiconductor device (10). The method (50) has an annealing step (59). In the annealing step (59), the semiconductor device (10) is annealed in an ambient containing oxygen. The oxygen has a partial pressure of greater than 11.85 Torr. The annealing step (59) results in a reduction of uncontrolled doping from the gate electrode (33) of the semiconductor device (10) to the channel region of the semiconductor device (10).

Abstract: An image sensor (10) has an image sensing element that includes an N-type conducting region (26) and a P-type pinned layer (37). The two regions form two P-N junctions at different depths that increase the efficiency of charge carrier collection at different frequencies of light. The conducting region (26) is formed by an angle implant that ensures that a portion of the conducting region (26) can function as a source of an MOS transistor (32).

Abstract: A sealable air gap (14) is formed between a heating element (16) and a base (11) to improve the thermal isolation of a semiconductor heater (10). A top layer (17) is formed over the heating element (16) which seals the air gap (14) so that the sealable air gap (14) can be at either atmospheric pressure or under a vacuum. The semiconductor heater (10) can be used in a variety of applications including as a heat source to adjust the resistivity of an overlying resistive layer (18). The embodiments of the semiconductor heater (10) also include a chemical sensor (20). Heat from a heating element (26) is used to keep an overlying layer of chemical sensing material (28) at an optimal temperature. The embodiments of the present invention also include a transducer (40) to heat a fluid (52) in a well (55) such as in an ink jet application.

Abstract: A method for connecting substrates includes using an adhesive interposer structure (11) to bond a semiconductor device (26) to a substrate (18). The adhesive interposer structure (11) includes a non-conductive adhesive laminant (12) and conductive adhesive bumps (13). The conductive adhesive bumps (13) provide a conductive path between conductive bumps (27) on the semiconductor device (26) and conductive metal pads (21) located on the substrate (18). In an alternative embodiment, a conductive adhesive material (34) is screen or stencil printed into vias (39) located on a printed circuit board (38) to form conductive adhesive bumps (33). A non-conductive adhesive (52) is then screen or stencil printed onto the printed circuit board (38) adjacent the conductive adhesive bumps (33). A semiconductor die is then connected to the structure.

Abstract: To implement full gathering of data transfers from a processor to a system bus without adding many levels of logic to the write enable logic for transaction queue entries or reducing the processor operating frequency, gatherable combinations are divided and gathering is performed in multiple stages operating in parallel. During the first stage, a subset of the full gathering is performed between incoming transactions and the last transaction received, coalescing the two transfers into a single transaction entry if one of the possible combinations within the subset is satisfied. During the second stage, existing queue entries are tested for the remainder of the full gather combination set and merged if a combination within the remaining subset is satisfied.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin silicide layer on a silicon substrate 12 including heating the surface of the substrate to a temperature of approximately 500.degree. C. to 750.degree. C. and directing an atomic beam of silicon 18 and an atomic beam of an alkaline-earth metal 20 at the heated surface of the substrate in a molecular beam epitaxy chamber at a pressure in a range below 10.sup.-9 Torr. The silicon to alkaline-earth metal flux ratio is kept constant (e.g. Si/Ba flux ratio is kept at approximately 2:1) so as to form a thin alkaline-earth metal silicide layer (e.g. BaSi.sub.2) on the surface of the substrate. The thickness is determined by monitoring in situ the surface of the single crystal silicide layer with RHEED and terminating the atomic beam when the silicide layer is a selected submonolayer to one monolayer thick.

Abstract: A method (200) of estimating existing and/or remaining life cycles of a battery pack (102) having an internal battery cell (104) and battery pack circuitry (110) is based on determining an impedance value of the internal battery cell (Zcell) (104), measuring the battery pack temperature (212), compensating the internal battery cell impedance based on the temperature (218), and estimating the remaining battery life based on the compensated internal battery cell impedance (220). The estimated life cycle value is then communicated to a user through either a charger or radio (112).

Abstract: With reference to FIG. 1 signal processor (10) for performing transformations of sets of input data points comprises a memory for storing a first half input data points and a second half input data points, an adder unit for pairwise adding one real part of each one first half input data point and a second half input data point and providing adder output data, and a computing unit for performing transformations upon the adder output data. Addition for data reduction and data transformation are carried out simultaneously by different units.

Abstract: Methods of and corresponding apparatus for scheduling messages on an operating channel (223) in a selective messaging system (200) for a messaging unit (235) include scheduling a first message, including a channel priority indication (511), addressed to the selective messaging unit on a first channel, and then scheduling a second message for the selective messaging unit on a second channel (225) selected as an alternative operating channel. Analogously at the selective messaging unit a method of selecting an operating channel includes monitoring the first channel for a message addressed to the selective messaging unit; detecting as part of the message the indication; and responsive thereto discontinuing monitoring the first channel and then scan for the second channel.

Abstract: A radio subscriber unit (102) has a diversity receiver apparatus (106) including a first antenna (114) and a second antenna (116). A first representation (158) and a second representation (160) of a composite radio frequency (RF) signal are received from the first antenna (114) and the second antenna (116), respectively. The composite radio frequency (RF) signal includes a desired RF signal (156) and interfering signals (166). The desired RF signal (156) includes at least one coded pilot signal (Ec). A ratio (Ec/Io) (142) of the at least one coded pilot signal (Ec) to an estimate of the composite RF signal (Io) is determined responsive to receiving at least one of the first representation of the composite RF signal (158) and the second representation of the composite RF signal (160). A selected state of the first antenna(114) and the second antenna (116) is controlled responsive to at least one of the ratio (Ec/Io) (142) and an integrated received signal strength indication (.intg.

Abstract: A circuit and method for producing a train of pulse width modulated pulses (FIG. 2), the circuit comprising: pulse producing means (11-16) for receiving sample values at an update rate and for producing therefrom pulses whose widths are representative of the sample values, and repeater means (15) for causing the pulse producing means to produce a predetermined plurality of pulses, at an output rate which is an integral multiple of the update rate, for each said sample value, whereby the pulse train output frequency is greater than the sample value update frequency.

Abstract: In a method for operating a brushless motor with commutated stator excitation and permanent rotor field, the stator is initially energized partly. Depending on the polarity of the back electromagnetic force (EMF) in the non-energized stator coil at a predetermined time point (t(n)+T.sub.OFF) and on the occurrence of a EMF zero-crossing event in a following time frame (T.sub.MONITOR), the next stator commutation (t'(n+1)) is scheduled. Thereby, three cases (i)(ii)(iii) are distinguished and detected events (.tau.(n-1)) in previous commutation cycles (n-1) are taken into account.

Abstract: An LCD Driver System (10) includes a row decoder (38) for providing command signals to row drivers (50) and a RAM row decoder (64) for controlling a RAM (76) which supplies data to a column driver (88). The row and column drivers (50 and 88) are supplied with power by a power source (58) which can supply either high or low voltages. In normal mode, the power source (58) supplies high voltage and the row driver (50) drives both a dot matrix portion (14) and an icon portion (16) of an LCD display. In an icon mode, a disable signal disables the row decoder (38) and the RAM row decoder (64), enables only the icon row driver (54) of the row drivers (50) and the icon row of the RAM (76) and switches the power source (58) to supply low voltage so as to save power.

Abstract: An integrated electro-optical package including a dual sided opto-electronic device, composed of a substrate with an array of light emitting devices (LEDs) formed on a first major surface thereof, and at least one vertical cavity surface emitting laser formed on an opposed second major surface of the substrate. A mounting structure formed so as to allow for the mounting of the dual sided opto-electronic device on the interior major surfaces, and further having electrical conductors for cooperating with the LEDs and VCSEL of the opto-electronic device. A driver substrate having electrical connections for interfacing with the mounting structure and the dual sided opto-electronic device. A plurality of driver circuits connected to the mounting structure and dual sided opto-electronic device through connection pads formed on the driver substrate.

Abstract: An electric motor (101) is driven with a sequence of drive pulses (V.sub.151, V.sub.153, V.sub.155) applied to its coils (131-135). The drive pulse widths are computed over a series of time periods (T.sub.DRIVE) by a pulse generator (119) to form envelopes approximating the phase voltages (VE.sub.151, VE.sub.153, VE.sub.155) of the coils to produce sinusoidal coil currents (I.sub.131, I.sub.133, I.sub.135). A sensing circuit (137, 123) monitors the phase of the coil current with respect to phase voltage to compute a representative control signal (CONTROL). The phase has one polarity when the motor is delivering power from a battery to a load and the opposite polarity when power is delivered from the load to the battery. When the direction of transferred power changes, the control signal changes and the pulse generator switches on-the-fly to another sequence of drive pulses.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a transistor (30, 51) having a gate electrode (15, 52) wherein the gate electrode (15, 52) has a highly resistive portion (24, 25, 55). The highly resistive portion (24, 25, 55) is integrated into the gate electrode (15, 52) and is coupled to the gate electrode (15, 52) using a via-less contact method.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser array with an integrated PIN photodiode. The PIN photodiode includes a first region of a first doped material, a second region of an undoped material and a third region composed of an n-doped stack of distributed Bragg reflectors. The vertical cavity surface emitting laser includes the n-type stack of distributed Bragg reflectors, an active, and a p-type stack of distributed Bragg reflectors so as to define an optical pathway through which light is generated and passes. The integrated device allows for automatic power control of each of the individual devices forming the array by sequentially scanning the individual devices and generating feedback signals.