Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and kits for the determination of the concentration of one or more analytes in a liquid sample using capture agents immobilised on a solid support and binding agents for binding the analyte(s), the binding agents having tail groups capable of binding to the respective capture agent. Preferably, the capture agents and binding agents are complementary oligonucleotides, and the capture agents are immobilised in the form of microspots. The use of the tail groups and capture agents can allow the binding of the analyte(s) to the binding agent(s) to take place in solution, rather than at a surface, improving the kinetics associated with this process. In addition, the user of the assay can customise any suitable binding agents for use with a universal support, by attaching tail groups them.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and kits for the determination of the concentration of one or more analytes in a liquid sample using capture agents immobilized on a solid support and binding agents for binding the analyte(s), the binding agents having tail groups capable of binding to the respective capture agent. Preferably, the capture agents and binding agents are complementary oligonucleotides, and the capture agents are immobilized in the form of microspots. The use of the tail groups and capture agents can allow the binding of the analyte(s) to the binding agent(s) to take place in solution, rather than at a surface, improving the kinetics associated with this process. In addition, the user of the assay can customize any suitable binding agents for use with a universal support, by attaching tail groups to them.

Abstract: A method for determining the ambient concentrations of a plurality of analytes in a liquid sample of volume V liters, comprisesloading a plurality of different binding agents, each being capable of reversibly binding an analyte which is or may be present in the liquid sample and is specific for that analyte as compared to the other components of the liquid sample, onto a support means at a plurality of spaced apart locations such that each location has not more than 0.1 V/K, preferably less than 0.

Abstract: A method of measuring the ambient concentration in a fluid, especially a body fluid, of an analyte, such as a hormone or other biologically active material, whose concentration in the fluid is dependent on thedilution of the fluid is disclosed. The fluid is contacted with a trace amount of a binding agent, such as an antibody, specific for the analyte, the proportional occupancy of binding sites on the binding agent is determined and from that figure the analyte concentration is estimated without the need to measure accurately beforehand the volume of the fluid or fluid sample being tested. It is therefore possible to design a concentration-measuring device for insertion into a body fluid of a living creature for in situ measurement of concentration.

Abstract: A method for determining the ambient concentrations of a plurality of analytes in a liquid sample of volume V liters, comprisesloading a plurality of different binding agents, each being capable of binding specifically and reversibly an analyte of interest onto a support means at a plurality of spaced apart locations such that not more than 0.

Abstract: In order to measure the concentration of an analyte in a liquid sample the sample is contacted with a receptor molecule having binding sites for the analyte and labelled with a first marker, whereby a fraction of the binding sites on the receptor molecule become occupied by the analyte, the sample being contacted with such a small amount of the receptor, having regard to its affinity constant with the analyte, that only an insignificant fraction of the analyte becomes bound to the receptor. The receptor having fractionally occupied binding sites is then back-titrated by means of a back-titration technique involving a system including a second marker different from the first, and the relative strengths of the two signals produced by the two markers are measured to provide a value representative of the fractional occupancy of the binding sites on the receptor molecule by the analyte.