Abstract: The present invention related to a method for crystallizing a CMY-10 being a ?-lactamase with extended-substrate spectrum, a crystal of CMY-10, and a crystal structure of CMY-10. With utilization of three-dimensional structure of CMY-10 protein provided by the present invention, it is possible to develop novel antibiotics or inhibitors that can prevent an emergence of resistance bacteria appeared by plasmidic class C ?-lactamases having extended-substrate specificity.

Abstract: A DC power transmission system of a voltage source converter using a pulse-interleaving auxiliary circuit is disclosed. The converter system comprises an IGBT converter for converting an AC power to a DC power or the DC power to the AC power; an open Y-Y transformer and a Y-? transformer for stepping up or stepping down the AC power having a predetermined magnitude; a capacitor for dividing a DC voltage; and a DC Auxiliary circuit composed of a normal transformer and half-bridge for overlapping a pulse type input voltage to increase the number of pulses of an output waveform. In using a DC auxiliary circuit composed of normal transformer and 3-level half-bridge to increase the number of pulses of the output waveform by superposing the voltage in the form of the pulse, a normal transformer may be used instead of the tapped transformer to reduce the size thereof and to obtain an accurate transformer ratio, and a 3-level half-bridge may be used instead of the H-bridge to reduce the switching loss.

Abstract: The novel intermediate compound which can be efficiently utilized in the synthesis of carotenoid compounds based on the sulfone chemistry, the preparation method of the same, and the practical synthetic process for preparing ?-carotene by the use of the above novel compound are disclosed. The synthesis of ?-carotene is characterized by the double elimination reactions of the C40 compound containing both the benzenesulfonyl group and the group X (either halogen or ether), which can be prepared by the coupling reaction of the novel C10 dialdehyde with two equivalents of the C15 allylic sulfone, followed by the functional group transformation of the resulting C40 diol either to the corresponding halide or to the ether, to produce the fully conjugated polyene chain.

Abstract: An electrochemical detector integrated on a capillary electrophoresis chip according to the present invention includes: a first substrate having a microchannel; a second substrate adapted to mate with the first substrate and having at least one peripheral electrode for conducting electrophoresis of a sample injected along the microchannel of the first substrate, in which a separation channel is formed along the microchannel by bonding the first substrate with the second substrate; a first electrode, made of indium tin oxide (ITO), formed on the first substrate to be positioned over the separation channel; and a second electrode, made of indium tin oxide (ITO), formed on the second substrate to be positioned under the separation channel, and spaced apart from the first electrode at a predetermined interval, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode constitute a detector to measure electrical characteristics of the sample passing along the separation channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating fault indication in a feeder remote terminal unit for a power distribution automation system. The method is performed in a distribution system that includes a plurality of feeder remote terminal units, which are installed in respective sections of a line and are configured to measure voltage, current and a phase difference of the line, and a central control unit for determining whether a fault occurs and controlling operation of the feeder remote terminal units. In the method, phases are measured by each of the feeder remote terminal units. The phase of a zero-sequence current is compared with that of a zero-sequence voltage. A direction of a fault current is calculated, and fault indication information is generated in the calculated direction of the fault current.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fault diagnosis device for diagnosing a fault in a bay Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) for a substation automation system, which includes an online IED diagnosis device and a backup IED. The online IED diagnosis device includes an IED selection unit, an IED switch unit, a fault diagnosis, and a result display unit. With reference to a Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file, the online IED diagnosis device designates an IED to be tested, and extracts backup information for the IED to be tested. A backup IED replaces the operation of the IED to be tested based on the extracted backup information. Further, the online IED diagnosis device determines the occurrence or non-occurrence of a fault in the IED to be tested by analyzing response information received in response to transmission of a test pattern to the IED to be tested.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of compensating for the distorted secondary/ current of a current transformer. The method includes steps (a), (b) and (c). At step (a), the saturated section of the current transformer is detected. At step (b), fault current generated during a fault in a power system is represented using an AutoRegressive (AR) model, with the fault current being assumed to be a combination of a Direct Current (DC) offset component, a fundamental wave component and harmonic components. At step (c), coefficients of the AR model are estimated and the secondary current during saturation of the current transformer is compensated, based on the secondary current data sampled in the unsaturated section.

Abstract: A method for preventing the unwanted maloperation of a protective relay system that is caused by the imprecise detection of an actual secondary current value resulting from a measured secondary current being distorted comprises the steps of calculating difference values for sampled secondary currents; comparing absolute values of the difference values with a predetermined critical value, and determining a saturation starting moment of a current transformer when one of the absolute values exceeds the predetermined critical value; obtaining a magnetizing current at the saturation starting moment using the difference values if the saturation starting moment is determined, and obtaining a magnetic flux value in a steel core of the current transformer from a magnetization curve using the magnetizing current; calculating a magnetic flux value at a time after the saturation starting moment using a secondary current value measured at that time and the magnetic flux value obtained at the saturation starting moment so

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polythiophenes comprised of unit structures of the general formula 1: where R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen or a C1˜C4 alkyl group, or together represent an optionally substituted C1˜C4 alkylene group, preferably an optionally alkyl-substituted methylene group, an optionally C1˜C4 alkyl- or phenyl-substituted 1,2-ethylene group, a 1,3-propylene group or a 1,2-cyclohexylene group. More specifically, the process according to the present invention is characterized by the fact that it is performed by cationic polymerization from 2,5-dihalothiophene in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as Lewis acid, protic acid, oxygen acid, or polymeric acid. The conductivity of the resulting polythiophene is 255 S/cm under optimal conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting a line-to-line fault location in power network, and more particularly, detecting the line-to-line fault location by direct 3-phase circuit analysis without using a symmetrical component transformation, so even in an unbalanced 3-phase circuit, the line-to-line fault location can be accurately detected. In the method using direct 3-phase circuit analysis of this invention, inverse lemma is used to simplify matrix inversion calculations, thus the line-to-line fault location can be easily and accurately determined even in the case of an unbalanced network without symmetrical component transformation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polythiophenes comprised of unit structures of the general formula 1: 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3,4-dialkoxythiophenes or 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophenes in high yield via the rapid decarboxylation of 3,4-dialkoxythiophenedicarboxylic acid or 3,4-aklylenedioxythiophenedicarboxylic acid in a water-miscible polar solvent in the presence of copper catalyst under an oxygen atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting a line-to-ground fault location in power network, and more particularly, detecting the line-to-ground fault location by direct 3-phase circuit analysis without using a symmetrical component transformation, so even in an unbalanced 3-phase circuit, the line-to-ground fault location can be accurately detected. In the method using direct 3-phase circuit analysis of this invention, inverse lemma is used to simplify matrix inversion calculations, thus the line-to-ground fault location can be easily and accurately determined even in the case of an unbalanced network without symmetrical component transformation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a data conversion method for providing efficient conversion between data of different unit lengths, a method for obtaining waveform information from a square wave using the same, and a method for generating the square wave from the waveform information using the same. According to the data conversion method of the present invention, there is an advantage in that data compression and data decompression can be readily and efficiently performed. Further, according to the method of obtaining the waveform information and the method of generating the square wave using the data conversion method of the present invention, there are advantages in that the waveform information can be efficiently generated from the square wave signal and the square wave signal can be efficiently generated from data on the waveform information of the square wave.

Abstract: A method for measuring the fundamental frequency component of a fault current or voltage, including measuring a fault current or voltage signal, which includes a DC-offset, a characteristic frequency component, a fundamental frequency component, and harmonics, with a predetermined sampling period, filtering the fault current or voltage signal to remove the harmonics, removing the fundamental frequency component from the filtered fault current or voltage signal, calculating the DC-offset and the characteristic frequency component with the fault current fault current or voltage signal wherein the fundamental frequency component is removed, and determining the fundamental frequency component by subtracting the calculated DC-offset and the characteristic frequency component from the filtered fault current or voltage signal.