Abstract: Triol triester derivatives, notably compounds having a four- to thirty- carbon backbone to which are attached three fatty C.sub.1 or C.sub.2 to C.sub.29 ester groups in ester linkage are edible, preferably partially digestible, fat replacements for foods and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: Press with rotary die plate having plural cavities and punches cooperating therewith.Provided are means for sensing the amount of material in the die cavities and sensing means for sensing movement of the die plate.

Abstract: In the present invention leavened products which exhibit a cookie crumb-like structure and structural integrity are produced using high temperature mixing of ingredients comprising flour and oil to promote browning and flavor development. A heat treated mass produced in a cooker extruder is admixed with ingredients comprising water in a post extrusion mixer. The dough-like mixture produced in the post extrusion mixer is leavened and further browned using post-extrusion baking, such as microwave, dielectric radio frequency, infrared, conductive, or convection baking, frying, or a combination thereof. The shortening or fat content of the dough-like mixture may be from about 12% by weight to about 40% by weight, preferably from about 20% by weight to about 30% by weight, based upon the weight of the dough-like mixture.

Abstract: A non-pungent dijon mustard flavoring has been isolated as a water soluble extract of brown mustard seed bran. This non-pungent dijon mustard flavoring is useful in a variety of foods and, particularly, in mustard pastes containing yellow mustard seed, brown mustard seed, or mixtures thereof, because the addition of the extract to such mustard pastes increases their dijon flavor character without altering pungency. The extract can be isolated by contacting the brown mustard seed bran with water or an aqueous solution and separating the residual bran solids from the extract-containing water. The extract can then be blended with any food product in which a dijon flavoring is desirable. With respect to mustard paste, brown mustard seed bran can alternatively be mixed with the other conventional mustard ingredients (which include water) and ground to withdraw the water soluble bran extract.

Abstract: A fat bloom inhibitor from an aromatic, alkyl or alkenyl dialcohol and having a chain length of 4 to 22 carbon atoms substantially reduces the tendency of white or grey deposits on the surface of chocolate, hard butters, compound coatings and fat based compositions for extended periods of time. The products containing the fat bloom inhibitors further exhibit a prolonged gloss appearance which would otherwise become dull and hazy. The fat bloom inhibitors are intimately mixed throughout the fat composition and are selected from aliphatic and aromatic dialcohol. The preferred diols are the lower alkyl or alkenyl diols such as 1,6-hexanediol. Further, suitable dialcohols may include a hydroxyl or amino group or an ether, ester or amine linkage.

Abstract: Bloom resistance in shelf-stable cookies which have a moist, cake-like soft textured crumb structure over an extended period of time is achieved with a shortening or fat for promoting softness and having a solid fat index of less than 13 at 80.degree. F. and which is essentially completely liquid at 100.degree. F. A flavoring ingredient which reduces mobility of the shortening or fat in the cookie is used to prevent seepage of the shortening or fat at cookie storage temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of cookies which exhibit a cookie crumb-like structure and structural integrity using a cooker extruder to mix and heat ingredients comprising flour and oil to promote browning and flavor development. The heat treated mass produced in the cooker extruder is admixed with ingredients comprising water in a post extrusion mixer. The dough-like mixture produced in the post extrusion mixer is leavened and further browned using post-extrusion baking, such as microwave, dielectric radio frequency, infrared, conductive, or convection baking, frying, or a combination thereof. The shorting or fat content of the dough-like mixture may be from about 12% by weight to about 40% by weight, preferably from about 20% by weight to about 30% by weight, based upon the weight of the dough-like mixture.

Abstract: The present invention related to the production of baked products having a relatively high oil content using a cooker extruder. Ingredients comprising flour and oil are mixed and heated in a cooker extruder to promote Maillard browning and flavor development. The dough-like mixture produced in the extrusion cooker is leavened and further browned using post-extrusion baking, such as microwave, dielectric radio frequency, infrared, conductive, or convection baking, or a combination thereof. The shortening or fat content of the dough-like mixture may be from about 12% by weight to about 40% by weight, preferably from about 20% by weight to about 30% by weight, based upon the weight of the dough-like mixture. Separation of oil from the remaining mass and extruder surging and starch gelatinization are avoided preferably by admixing water into heat-treated ingredients comprising flour and oil after and during substantial cooling of the heat-treated ingredients.

Abstract: Process for preparing baked dog biscuits having a coating containing at least one inorganic pyrophosphate, comprising:(a) subjecting unbaked dog biscuit dough to a liquefied coating material containing at least one inorganic pyrophosphate, thereby, forming a coating of such liquefied coating material on the dog biscuit; and(b) baking the unbaked dog biscuit dough pieces having a coating containing said at least one inorganic pyrophosphate. The baked, coated dog biscuits are chewed and/or eaten by dogs, with the result that tartar accumulation on their teeth is reduced or prevented.

Abstract: A stable, food-compatible liposome is prepared by dissolving a lipophilic material in a phospholipid followed by the addition of water or an aqueous solution and mixing by sonicating to producing a liposome having the lipophilic material encapsulated in the lipid bilayer. The preferred lipophilic materials include any readily oxidizable lipid and in particular the omega-3 fatty acid containing fish oils. Other lipophilic materials which can be encapsulated in the lipidic bilayer include flavorants, acidulants, preservatives and antioxidants. The resulting liposomes provide a stabilizing vehicle for the lipophilic materials to reduce the occurrence of oxidation and rancidity. Liposomes prepared according to the disclosed method exhibit none of the unpleasant odor and flavor characteristics normally associated with oxidized or rancid oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of cookies which exhibit a cookie crumb-like structure and structural integrity using a cooker extruder to mix and heat ingredients comprising flour and oil to promote browning and flavor development. The dough-like mixture produced in the extrusion cooker is leavened and further browned using post-extrusion baking, such as microwave, dielectric radio frequency, infrared conductive, or convection baking, frying, or a combination thereof. The shortening or fat content of the dough-like mixture may be from about 12% by weight to about 40% by weight, preferably from about 20% by weight to about 30% by weight, based upon the weight of the dough-like mixture. Separation of oil from the remaining mass and extruder surging and starch gelatinization are avoided preferably by admixing water into heat-treated ingredients comprising flour and oil after and during substantial cooling of the heat-treated ingredients.

Abstract: Process for preparing raw hide having a coating containing, at least one inorganic pyrophosphate compound, comprising:(a) subjecting raw hide to a liquefied coating material containing at least one inorganic pyrophosphate compound, thereby, forming a coating of such liquefied coating material on the raw hide; and(b) drying the raw hide having a coating containing said at least one inorganic pyrophosphate compound.The raw hide having a coating containing at least one inorganic pyrophosphate is chewed and/or eaten by dogs, with the result that tartar accumulation on their teeth is reduced or prevented.

Abstract: An apparatus useful for continuous pan coating of edible cores which includes a coating drum arranged for rotation around an inclined axis and having an inlet opening at the upper axial end of the coating drum for reception of the edible cores, and a discharge opening at the lower axial end of the drum, so that the force of gravity urges the cores through the drum. The apparatus also includes a means for continuously driving the drum, means for providing coating material to the cores at a controllable rate, and means for delivering drying gas, such as air, to the cores also at a controllable rate while the cores are in the drum. The present invention has at least one after-treatment drum likewise arranged for rotation around an inclined axis and having an inlet opening at the upper axial end of the after-treatment drum and a discharge opening at the lower axial end, as well as a means for continuously driving the cores from the coating drum to the first after-treatment drum.

Abstract: Volatile and/or labile components, especially flavoring components, are encapsulated in extruded glassy matrices comprising:(a) from about 40 to about 80 percent by weight of a water-soluble, chemically-modified starch having a dextrose equivalent not greater than about 2;(b) from about 10 to about 40 percent by weight of a maltodextrin having a dextrose equivalent in the range of from about 5 to about 15;(c) from about 5 to about 20 percent by weight of corn syrup solids or a polydextrose having a dextrose equivalent in the range of from about 21 to about 42; and(d) from about 5 to about 20 percent by weight of a mono- or disaccharide.These glassy matrices are useful for introducing and/or retaining and/or stabilizing the volatile and/or labile components in cooked and uncooked food products.

Abstract: A dry mix is provided, containing as essential components xanthan gum and ungelatinized starch, for use in application to uncooked or cooking meat pieces so as to develop a thickened sauce for the meat during the meat cooking process. The dry mix can be first reconstituted to form a somewhat viscous liquified mixture which is then poured over the meat and develops into a more viscous sauce during the cooking process. Alternatively, the dry mix can be applied directly to moistened meat pieces and hydrated thereon with additional water, after which a thickened sauce similarly develops during the meat cooking process.

Abstract: Long chain diol diesters, notably 11- to 30- carbon aliphatic chains having two vicinal fatty acid esters or dicarboxylate-extended fatty acid esters, or two fatty acid esters of dicarboxylate-extended fatty acid esters separated by one or two methylene groups, attached to one end of the chain, are edible, preferably partially digestible, fat replacements for foods.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention a process and apparatus for removing contaminates from edible cooking oil is provided. A continuous stream of cooking oil at an elevated temperature is withdrawn from a cooking bath. A continuous stream of liquid solvent for at least a portion of the contaminates is mixed with the oil. The solvent has a specific gravity different than the specific gravity of the oil. As the oil and solvent streams are mixed, at least a portion of the contaminates are transferred from the oil to the solvent. The oil and solvent mixture is then separated by specific gravity into a stream comprising cleaned oil and a stream comprising solvent and contaminates. The cleaned oil stream is than returned to the bath, preferably being heated in a heat exchanger prior to introduction in the bath.

Abstract: This invention is an apparatus and a method for applying a sweetener to a foodstuff. In the preferred method the frosted coating of sweetener has a snow-like appearance. The apparatus of this invention has a means for atomizing and spraying a sweetener solution onto foodstuff particles and a means for drying the sprayed foodstuff particles using compressed room temperature air.

Abstract: Collectively called cyclohexyl diol diesters, the fatty acid diesters of cyclohexanediol, cyclohexenediol, and cyclohexdienediol and their dimethanol and diethanol counterparts, are edible, preferably partially digestible, fat replacements. Methods of using the new fat mimetics and food compositions incorporating them are described.

Abstract: The distribution of flowable material falling onto a lower surface containing goods which are in the process of being baked can be periodically determined by disposing a multi-sectioned sampling device below the device that is distributing the flowable material to collect a representative sample of the flowable material, and then to analyze the amount of flowable material in each section of the multi-sectioned sampling device. When the flowable material is a solid or a liquid the multi-sectioned device is a multi-chambered device. When the flowable material is a viscous liquid the multi-sectioned device is an array of plates held in a framing.