Abstract: An opener according to the invention comprises a vertical displacement mechanism for moving a capsule to a position in which the capsule is to be opened. The opener also includes a holding mechanism for holding the capsule, a cutting mechanism for cutting the capsule, and a casing. The cutting mechanism includes three roller cutters rotatably supported by a cutter holder by means of a pin. Each of the roller cutters is disposed so as to be rotated around the capsule and to be movable radially of the capsule for the purpose of cutting the capsule. The capsule, vertical displacement mechanism, holding mechanism and cutting mechanism are all contained in the casing and are actuated by a manipulator within the lead cell.

Abstract: A radiation gauge is provided which comprises a casing having an evacuated inside, a pair of electrode plates contained within the casing, and an insulating material of aluminum oxide disposed between the pair of electrode plates, the insulating material undergoing an induced conduction phenomenon when ionizing radiation is illuminated thereon, whereby intensity of ionizing radiation can be measured based on the induced conduction phenomenon of the insulating material.

Abstract: A sack (2,2') comprises a sealing member (1,1') which is provided at an appropriate position of the sack (2,2'), and a dried adhesive agent is spread on the inner walls of the sealing member (1,1'). A supply pipe (3) comprises a curved head from which a nozzle (21) projects. The supply pipe (3) is inserted to supply powdered materials into the sack (2,2'), via an aperture of the sealing member (1,1'), and then, after supply, the pipe (3) comes within the inner walls of the sealing member (1,1') where an activator is jetted from the nozzle (21). Sealing of the sack (2,2') is performed as it falls from a supporting member (30), owing to the outward pressure of the powdered materials supplied in the sack (2,2').

Abstract: In the particular filling method disclosed in the specification a side valve type packaging bag is filled by inserting a filling tube into the bag valve, expanding a rubber tube surrounding the filling tube to form a seal with the valve opening, supplying particulate material to the interior of the bag and rotating the filling tube to distribute the particulate material within the bag, and then wetting an adhesive in the valve before withdrawing the filling tube from the bag. The filling apparatus according to the invention includes a filling tube which is mounted for rotation about its axis on a support plate and has a pouring spout directed at an angle to its axis and a pneumatic piston connected to the filling tube to rotate the tube about its axis and weighing mechanism for detecting filling of the bag.