Abstract: The present invention discloses an automatic recognition and calibration method of medical color and grayscale images. It includes the step of gray and binary image processing of an original image, the step of detecting, counting and merging the feature pixels, the step of determining the scope of each color or grayscale image, and the step of using the different calibration curve to the image according to the image color properties within its range in a monitor with brightness adjustment and brightness stabilization. In the display screen constructed with a plurality of color images and a number of grayscale images, the present invention can correctly classify display range of each color or grayscale image, and take different calibration methods for different images within the display range. Under the premise of avoiding complex information, it can ensure the quality of displayed images, and improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical diagnosis.